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JOANNE STUBBE: The
morphological unit of life

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is the cell, whether you're
a flea or you're an elephant.

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Right?

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And we all have water
as the major solvent.

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We all have the same
biological molecules that

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play a major role inside our
bodies, like sugar or fat,

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or amino acids, or nucleotides.

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We all have the same
ways of making reactions

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work fast enough so they
can succeed inside the cell,

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and controlling the specificity,
and they're conserved

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from bacteria to humans.

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We all use the same vitamins
on your vitamin bottle.

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And those are also
conserved in general

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from bacteria to humans.

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And we also all have the same
major regulatory mechanisms,

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although as you go from
prokaryotes to eukaryotes,

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things get more complex.

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And so what we cover in
the course is, in fact,

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most of the things we talk
about are bacterial systems

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because they're better studied
but can be extrapolated

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between the two systems.

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So are these things
ordered inside the cell?

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And how do you study
them inside the cell?

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That's the major
focus of a biochemist.

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You want to understand things
at the molecular level,

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but then you need
to understand what

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you see at the molecular level,
how does that relate to what's

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going on inside the cell?

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And so you need to
go back and forth

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between inside the
cell and understanding

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the chemical and physical
principles by which all

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the reactions work.