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BLADE KOTELLY: What was the
objective of the assignment?

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00:00:37,430 --> 00:00:38,039
Charlotte?

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00:00:38,039 --> 00:00:39,330
AUDIENCE: To test your product.

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BLADE KOTELLY: No.

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00:00:41,381 --> 00:00:41,880
No.

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00:00:41,880 --> 00:00:43,290
But I'm really happy
you tested my product.

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That was great.

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00:00:44,230 --> 00:00:47,670
That was not the objective
of the assignment, though.

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Not 100%.

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00:00:48,996 --> 00:00:49,888
Ben.

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00:00:49,888 --> 00:00:52,120
AUDIENCE: To see that
design is everywhere.

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00:00:52,120 --> 00:00:52,300
BLADE KOTELLY: Yeah.

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00:00:52,300 --> 00:00:52,805
That's part of it.

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To see that design
is everywhere.

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So you can see all
the things that people

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00:00:55,588 --> 00:00:58,080
have done as well in
terms of their critiques.

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00:00:58,080 --> 00:00:58,580
Christy.

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00:00:58,580 --> 00:01:00,440
AUDIENCE: To start
analyzing the design.

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00:01:00,440 --> 00:01:01,910
BLADE KOTELLY: To start
analyzing the design.

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00:01:01,910 --> 00:01:02,350
Absolutely.

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00:01:02,350 --> 00:01:04,099
And what are you
analyzing the design for?

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00:01:06,411 --> 00:01:06,910
OK.

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00:01:06,910 --> 00:01:07,650
We can do this.

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00:01:07,650 --> 00:01:08,680
What are you analyzing
the design for?

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00:01:08,680 --> 00:01:09,127
Kenny.

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00:01:09,127 --> 00:01:10,021
AUDIENCE: Do you
mean for what product

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00:01:10,021 --> 00:01:11,584
are we analyzing
the design or are

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00:01:11,584 --> 00:01:12,710
you thinking why
are we analyzing?

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00:01:12,710 --> 00:01:14,543
BLADE KOTELLY: Oh, let's
talk about the why.

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00:01:14,543 --> 00:01:16,223
Why are you analyzing design?

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00:01:16,223 --> 00:01:17,878
AUDIENCE: So we can
incorporate what

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00:01:17,878 --> 00:01:20,953
we're learning into things
that we design [INAUDIBLE]

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00:01:20,953 --> 00:01:22,380
and what we design ourselves.

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00:01:22,380 --> 00:01:22,590
BLADE KOTELLY: Yes.

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00:01:22,590 --> 00:01:23,380
You're going to incorporate
the things you're

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00:01:23,380 --> 00:01:26,380
learning in terms of being
able to do an analysis

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00:01:26,380 --> 00:01:28,910
and work it in somehow
to when you're designing.

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00:01:28,910 --> 00:01:29,826
Isabella.

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00:01:29,826 --> 00:01:31,867
AUDIENCE: To understand
effective and ineffective

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00:01:31,867 --> 00:01:32,624
designs.

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00:01:32,624 --> 00:01:34,415
BLADE KOTELLY: Ah, to
see what designs work

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00:01:34,415 --> 00:01:35,460
and what designs don't work.

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00:01:35,460 --> 00:01:36,459
Now this is interesting.

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00:01:36,459 --> 00:01:39,019
You used one product.

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00:01:39,019 --> 00:01:40,560
There weren't two
different products.

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00:01:40,560 --> 00:01:42,393
You didn't say, well
this was a good design,

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00:01:42,393 --> 00:01:43,610
this was a bad one.

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00:01:43,610 --> 00:01:47,754
You said, within one product,
what was good and what was bad?

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00:01:47,754 --> 00:01:49,420
Other reasons why we
might have done it?

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00:01:58,090 --> 00:02:01,470
If you get really good at being
able to critique other designs,

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00:02:01,470 --> 00:02:04,500
you'll be able to be really good
at critiquing your own designs.

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00:02:04,500 --> 00:02:07,310
So what you'll do
over the semester

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00:02:07,310 --> 00:02:09,430
is learn a whole
bunch about this.

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00:02:09,430 --> 00:02:11,560
And at the end of
the semester, I

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want you to look at the
same video you've made

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00:02:13,580 --> 00:02:16,230
and it see how you
could make it better.

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00:02:16,230 --> 00:02:17,960
Let's see what comes
to mind about that.

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00:02:17,960 --> 00:02:19,250
Do you have a comment, Joel?

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00:02:19,250 --> 00:02:22,244
JOEL SCHINDALL: No, just
watching the answers.

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00:02:22,244 --> 00:02:23,410
BLADE KOTELLY: OK, so here--

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00:02:23,410 --> 00:02:27,250
JOEL SCHINDALL: But
actually, I think

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whoever answered early in
it-- an awareness of design

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so that as you go-- this course
actually takes place not just

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00:02:34,780 --> 00:02:36,480
in the two hours
that you're here

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but in the hours in a week minus
hours that you're here that you

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spend the rest of your lives.

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And we intend to project it
out there and have you actually

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00:02:46,190 --> 00:02:49,020
be aware during your
life of what design is.

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00:02:49,020 --> 00:02:51,104
That's what's going to
make you a better designer.

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BLADE KOTELLY: OK.

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So, we're going to get
right into the meat of this.

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This is the 10-Step
Design Process.

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This is the core of what
we're going to be teaching.

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00:02:59,730 --> 00:03:02,360
You'll use this process over
and over and over again.

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00:03:02,360 --> 00:03:04,050
It's a great process to know.

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00:03:04,050 --> 00:03:08,950
You might find that it
appears on pop quizzes.

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00:03:08,950 --> 00:03:11,230
You might find it
appears on pop quizzes.

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00:03:13,960 --> 00:03:17,985
And it might be something
that if you wrote on a card

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00:03:17,985 --> 00:03:21,470
and you put in your
wallet and kept with you,

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00:03:21,470 --> 00:03:24,940
you might be allowed
to use on a pop quiz.

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00:03:24,940 --> 00:03:25,530
Just saying.

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00:03:30,640 --> 00:03:34,372
It might be on many pop quizzes.

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00:03:34,372 --> 00:03:35,080
But it might not.

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00:03:38,681 --> 00:03:39,180
OK.

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00:03:39,180 --> 00:03:43,260
So we start with these
first beginning steps.

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00:03:43,260 --> 00:03:47,810
Number one, we want
to identify the needs

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00:03:47,810 --> 00:03:49,290
and really understand
the problem.

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00:03:49,290 --> 00:03:52,109
In our last class I gave
you a design challenge.

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00:03:52,109 --> 00:03:54,150
So this is the first step,
identifying the needs.

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00:03:54,150 --> 00:03:57,600
What is the problem we're
really trying to solve?

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00:03:57,600 --> 00:03:59,800
And if we can get
underneath that

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00:03:59,800 --> 00:04:04,750
we can design something in
a much more impactful way.

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00:04:04,750 --> 00:04:09,010
So let's talk about this
interesting example here.

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00:04:09,010 --> 00:04:14,090
I had a teacher as
an undergraduate

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00:04:14,090 --> 00:04:18,910
who designed a toothbrush.

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00:04:18,910 --> 00:04:20,329
Now, I'll show you a picture.

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00:04:20,329 --> 00:04:23,410
This is Napoleon's toothbrush.

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00:04:23,410 --> 00:04:26,200
Napoleon Bonaparte
used this toothbrush.

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00:04:26,200 --> 00:04:28,460
A long time ago.

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00:04:28,460 --> 00:04:31,400
If you bought a toothbrush
in the '60s or something,

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00:04:31,400 --> 00:04:33,830
you'd buy a toothbrush
that looked like this.

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00:04:33,830 --> 00:04:35,700
Does that look
familiar to people?

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00:04:35,700 --> 00:04:37,762
Yeah, OK.

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00:04:37,762 --> 00:04:39,720
He designed a toothbrush
that looked like this.

112
00:04:42,314 --> 00:04:43,980
That's his design,
the Reach toothbrush.

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00:04:43,980 --> 00:04:45,990
Who's heard of the
Reach toothbrush?

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00:04:45,990 --> 00:04:46,560
OK.

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00:04:46,560 --> 00:04:47,540
And there are a lot
of different versions

116
00:04:47,540 --> 00:04:49,390
that they wound up
making over time.

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00:04:49,390 --> 00:04:52,540
But that's the early
version of the toothbrush.

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00:04:52,540 --> 00:04:55,020
People brush longer
and more thoroughly

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00:04:55,020 --> 00:04:58,570
based on the design of
the toothbrush alone--

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00:04:58,570 --> 00:05:00,060
with no instructions.

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00:05:00,060 --> 00:05:02,980
Here's what happened.

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00:05:02,980 --> 00:05:07,110
If you have a toothbrush and
it's a flat head toothbrush

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00:05:07,110 --> 00:05:10,890
like the one we showed you
before here-- like that-- you

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00:05:10,890 --> 00:05:14,450
hold it, you start brushing
your teeth like this.

125
00:05:14,450 --> 00:05:16,720
And you see people
can do this all day.

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00:05:16,720 --> 00:05:19,100
They can watch a
sitcom with doing this

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00:05:19,100 --> 00:05:21,070
to their front
teeth, no problem.

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00:05:21,070 --> 00:05:21,980
Very comfortable.

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00:05:21,980 --> 00:05:24,850
But if they need to brush
other parts of their mouth--

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00:05:24,850 --> 00:05:28,400
and they do-- they do this.

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00:05:28,400 --> 00:05:29,060
They take this.

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00:05:29,060 --> 00:05:31,300
I'm going to represent
the bristles with my thumb

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00:05:31,300 --> 00:05:33,510
and hold the handle like this.

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00:05:33,510 --> 00:05:36,720
They brush their teeth
like this and then

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00:05:36,720 --> 00:05:39,560
they get their rear molars
like this on the side.

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00:05:39,560 --> 00:05:41,630
And they want to get
the upper rear molars

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00:05:41,630 --> 00:05:43,660
on their sub dominant hand side.

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00:05:43,660 --> 00:05:45,620
Which means they do this.

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00:05:45,620 --> 00:05:46,250
Right?

140
00:05:46,250 --> 00:05:47,200
I'm writing, so I do this.

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00:05:47,200 --> 00:05:49,533
So everyone, if you're a
righty, put your right hand up.

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00:05:49,533 --> 00:05:51,242
If you're a lefty,
put your left hand up.

143
00:05:51,242 --> 00:05:53,450
Take your hand, make a fist
like that with your thumb

144
00:05:53,450 --> 00:05:58,100
out, curve your wrist over,
and bring it across like that.

145
00:05:58,100 --> 00:05:58,920
Now hold this.

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00:05:58,920 --> 00:06:00,689
Is that comfortable?

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00:06:00,689 --> 00:06:02,105
This is not a
comfortable position

148
00:06:02,105 --> 00:06:03,313
for your arm to be in, right?

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00:06:03,313 --> 00:06:04,040
OK.

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00:06:04,040 --> 00:06:05,700
So as a result, people do this.

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00:06:05,700 --> 00:06:07,590
And if you watch them
do it, they do this

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00:06:07,590 --> 00:06:09,700
and they go, ugh,
they get bored.

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00:06:09,700 --> 00:06:12,340
And they stop brushing.

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00:06:12,340 --> 00:06:13,310
That's not good.

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00:06:13,310 --> 00:06:19,260
So this teacher, this professor
I had, to understand this,

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00:06:19,260 --> 00:06:20,480
he did some studies.

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00:06:20,480 --> 00:06:23,300
He had people stain
their teeth red.

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00:06:23,300 --> 00:06:26,990
And then, with no mirror,
he said, brush your teeth.

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00:06:26,990 --> 00:06:28,400
And people would brush it.

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00:06:28,400 --> 00:06:29,941
And then he'd look
inside their mouth

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00:06:29,941 --> 00:06:32,650
and see the red was all
of the front and all

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00:06:32,650 --> 00:06:35,330
stuck in that part in the back.

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00:06:35,330 --> 00:06:36,460
He said, that's no good.

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00:06:36,460 --> 00:06:38,200
So he designed this thing.

165
00:06:38,200 --> 00:06:41,530
In fact, there's a ton of
innovations around this.

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00:06:41,530 --> 00:06:42,520
Different handle.

167
00:06:42,520 --> 00:06:44,650
You see this side.

168
00:06:44,650 --> 00:06:47,110
Your thumb sits in that
groove really easily.

169
00:06:47,110 --> 00:06:50,870
In fact, you'll turn that
toothbrush 90 degrees

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00:06:50,870 --> 00:06:52,690
and your thumb will
rest right there.

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00:06:52,690 --> 00:06:54,250
You do it automatically.

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00:06:54,250 --> 00:06:56,200
You'll do it
automatically like this.

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00:06:56,200 --> 00:07:01,550
And this is thin over
here at an angle.

174
00:07:01,550 --> 00:07:03,582
So it doesn't pull your
cheek out like this .

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00:07:03,582 --> 00:07:05,040
That's not very
comfortable, right?

176
00:07:05,040 --> 00:07:05,540
OK.

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00:07:05,540 --> 00:07:06,287
So he did that.

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00:07:06,287 --> 00:07:07,620
The head was shaped differently.

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00:07:07,620 --> 00:07:09,860
Instead of doing a square
head, it's now tapered,

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00:07:09,860 --> 00:07:11,750
the bristles are
shaped differently.

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00:07:11,750 --> 00:07:14,330
So here's the question.

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00:07:14,330 --> 00:07:17,430
What was the underlying
problem he was trying to solve?

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00:07:21,090 --> 00:07:22,693
Kristen.

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00:07:22,693 --> 00:07:24,577
AUDIENCE: The fact
that people weren't

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00:07:24,577 --> 00:07:28,846
able to reach their
back teeth properly.

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00:07:28,846 --> 00:07:30,220
BLADE KOTELLY:
That was a problem

187
00:07:30,220 --> 00:07:32,310
he was trying to solve but
it wasn't the underlying

188
00:07:32,310 --> 00:07:33,601
problem he was trying to solve.

189
00:07:36,246 --> 00:07:37,787
AUDIENCE: The fact
that people didn't

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00:07:37,787 --> 00:07:38,960
want to brush their teeth.

191
00:07:38,960 --> 00:07:39,553
BLADE KOTELLY: The
fact that people

192
00:07:39,553 --> 00:07:40,928
didn't want to
brush their teeth.

193
00:07:40,928 --> 00:07:43,196
That's a problem that
he was helping with

194
00:07:43,196 --> 00:07:44,820
but that wasn't the
underlying problem.

195
00:07:47,540 --> 00:07:48,287
David.

196
00:07:48,287 --> 00:07:49,650
AUDIENCE: People with bad teeth.

197
00:07:49,650 --> 00:07:51,191
BLADE KOTELLY: People
have bad teeth?

198
00:07:51,191 --> 00:07:54,450
People with bad teeth--
not the underlying problem.

199
00:07:54,450 --> 00:07:54,995
[? Cosi? ?]

200
00:07:54,995 --> 00:07:56,578
AUDIENCE: The design
of the toothbrush

201
00:07:56,578 --> 00:07:57,662
hadn't changed in a while.

202
00:07:57,662 --> 00:07:59,453
BLADE KOTELLY: The
design of the toothbrush

203
00:07:59,453 --> 00:08:01,070
hadn't changed in
a while and we're

204
00:08:01,070 --> 00:08:02,990
getting closer now to
the underlying problem.

205
00:08:02,990 --> 00:08:06,060
Because we saw that Napoleon
had a toothbrush very

206
00:08:06,060 --> 00:08:09,100
similar to the toothbrush that
you could buy in the '60s.

207
00:08:09,100 --> 00:08:13,130
A small difference though, his
was they said silver-plated,

208
00:08:13,130 --> 00:08:15,470
I think.

209
00:08:15,470 --> 00:08:18,194
Anyone here own a
silver-plated toothbrush?

210
00:08:18,194 --> 00:08:19,540
OK.

211
00:08:19,540 --> 00:08:20,890
Yes, Dennis?

212
00:08:20,890 --> 00:08:22,810
AUDIENCE: The functionality
of the toothbrush?

213
00:08:22,810 --> 00:08:24,570
BLADE KOTELLY: The
functionality of the toothbrush.

214
00:08:24,570 --> 00:08:26,570
He definitely wanted to
change the functionality

215
00:08:26,570 --> 00:08:29,240
of the toothbrush but it
wasn't the underlying thing.

216
00:08:29,240 --> 00:08:29,913
Louis?

217
00:08:29,913 --> 00:08:33,350
AUDIENCE: Was it to simply
build a better toothbrush?

218
00:08:33,350 --> 00:08:36,189
BLADE KOTELLY: It was about
building a better toothbrush

219
00:08:36,189 --> 00:08:37,730
but that's not the
underlying reason.

220
00:08:40,429 --> 00:08:41,556
[? Shuni. ?]

221
00:08:41,556 --> 00:08:43,097
AUDIENCE: An
uncomfortable toothbrush

222
00:08:43,097 --> 00:08:45,799
was leading to poor
brushing habits.

223
00:08:45,799 --> 00:08:46,590
BLADE KOTELLY: Yes.

224
00:08:46,590 --> 00:08:48,215
But we're not getting
to the underlying

225
00:08:48,215 --> 00:08:51,150
reason, what made him do this.

226
00:08:51,150 --> 00:08:51,650
Emily.

227
00:08:51,650 --> 00:08:54,285
AUDIENCE: Was it low
toothbrush sales?

228
00:08:54,285 --> 00:08:55,660
BLADE KOTELLY:
Well, interesting.

229
00:08:55,660 --> 00:08:57,490
It wasn't-- we're
getting very close now--

230
00:08:57,490 --> 00:09:00,690
it wasn't low toothbrush
sales, per se.

231
00:09:00,690 --> 00:09:05,330
But by doing that
he did make somebody

232
00:09:05,330 --> 00:09:10,397
happy by increasing the
number of toothbrush sales.

233
00:09:10,397 --> 00:09:12,480
AUDIENCE: People have loads
of cavities back here?

234
00:09:12,480 --> 00:09:13,080
BLADE KOTELLY: Oh, cavities.

235
00:09:13,080 --> 00:09:14,371
No, we're getting further away.

236
00:09:14,371 --> 00:09:16,440
Cavities is cooler.

237
00:09:16,440 --> 00:09:18,806
Sales is warmer.

238
00:09:18,806 --> 00:09:19,305
Patrick.

239
00:09:19,305 --> 00:09:20,796
AUDIENCE: The ability
to increase the price

240
00:09:20,796 --> 00:09:22,280
on the toothbrushes
that are new?

241
00:09:22,280 --> 00:09:23,000
BLADE KOTELLY:
Increasing the price

242
00:09:23,000 --> 00:09:24,270
of toothbrushes that are new.

243
00:09:24,270 --> 00:09:25,940
That's interesting.

244
00:09:25,940 --> 00:09:27,266
Kind of.

245
00:09:27,266 --> 00:09:27,820
Kind of.

246
00:09:27,820 --> 00:09:29,970
It's actually-- they
would have been happy

247
00:09:29,970 --> 00:09:34,234
if the toothbrushes
were the same price.

248
00:09:34,234 --> 00:09:35,650
AUDIENCE: I mean,
but you're like,

249
00:09:35,650 --> 00:09:38,130
trying to get people to
believe that it's worth

250
00:09:38,130 --> 00:09:39,370
what you're paying for.

251
00:09:39,370 --> 00:09:40,320
BLADE KOTELLY: Yes.

252
00:09:40,320 --> 00:09:42,820
For what though?

253
00:09:42,820 --> 00:09:45,500
For this for that
particular toothbrush.

254
00:09:45,500 --> 00:09:46,850
AUDIENCE: Yes.

255
00:09:46,850 --> 00:09:48,230
BLADE KOTELLY: Yes.

256
00:09:48,230 --> 00:09:51,050
It's a little bit-- it's a
shade of meaning difference.

257
00:09:51,050 --> 00:09:52,246
I think your close.

258
00:09:52,246 --> 00:09:54,030
AUDIENCE: To design
the best toothbrush?

259
00:09:54,030 --> 00:09:54,550
BLADE KOTELLY:
Well, he definitely

260
00:09:54,550 --> 00:09:56,050
wanted to design
the best toothbrush

261
00:09:56,050 --> 00:09:57,710
and he did at the time.

262
00:09:57,710 --> 00:09:59,630
But we're now getting colder.

263
00:09:59,630 --> 00:10:00,130
[? Cosi? ?]

264
00:10:00,130 --> 00:10:01,390
AUDIENCE: So they
can make money?

265
00:10:01,390 --> 00:10:01,920
BLADE KOTELLY:
Oh, to make money.

266
00:10:01,920 --> 00:10:02,560
Yes.

267
00:10:02,560 --> 00:10:03,420
To make money.

268
00:10:03,420 --> 00:10:04,970
Absolutely.

269
00:10:04,970 --> 00:10:06,747
For whom?

270
00:10:06,747 --> 00:10:07,580
[INTERPOSING VOICES]

271
00:10:07,580 --> 00:10:08,637
BLADE KOTELLY: For who?

272
00:10:08,637 --> 00:10:09,830
AUDIENCE: For himself.

273
00:10:09,830 --> 00:10:10,430
BLADE KOTELLY: For himself.

274
00:10:10,430 --> 00:10:10,929
No.

275
00:10:10,929 --> 00:10:12,920
He's a designer.

276
00:10:12,920 --> 00:10:15,850
Designers don't make
much money, it turns out.

277
00:10:15,850 --> 00:10:16,770
Some do.

278
00:10:16,770 --> 00:10:18,000
Some designers make money.

279
00:10:18,000 --> 00:10:19,750
Not a whole bunch of
designers make money.

280
00:10:19,750 --> 00:10:23,509
And they paid him a
fee to do this work.

281
00:10:23,509 --> 00:10:24,550
They don't get residuals.

282
00:10:24,550 --> 00:10:27,190
Like if you make a movie and
you're a famous movie star,

283
00:10:27,190 --> 00:10:27,940
you get residuals.

284
00:10:27,940 --> 00:10:30,240
Designers don't get residuals.

285
00:10:30,240 --> 00:10:30,965
They should.

286
00:10:30,965 --> 00:10:32,290
Definitely.

287
00:10:32,290 --> 00:10:32,790
Ben?

288
00:10:32,790 --> 00:10:34,114
AUDIENCE: Stakeholders?

289
00:10:34,114 --> 00:10:35,280
BLADE KOTELLY: Stakeholders.

290
00:10:35,280 --> 00:10:38,050
Yes, stakeholders, yes,
that's kind of close.

291
00:10:38,050 --> 00:10:39,450
A little bit too far back.

292
00:10:39,450 --> 00:10:42,618
But if you tell me
which stakeholders.

293
00:10:42,618 --> 00:10:43,550
AUDIENCE: Company.

294
00:10:43,550 --> 00:10:44,758
BLADE KOTELLY: Which company?

295
00:10:48,200 --> 00:10:50,630
AUDIENCE: Did he just not
like brushing his teeth?

296
00:10:50,630 --> 00:10:53,255
BLADE KOTELLY: I don't think he
cared about brushing his teeth.

297
00:10:53,255 --> 00:10:56,000
He was hired by a company
who said, hey, John.

298
00:10:56,000 --> 00:10:57,080
We make blank.

299
00:10:57,080 --> 00:10:58,580
We want you to make
something that's

300
00:10:58,580 --> 00:11:01,050
going to sell a lot of blank.

301
00:11:01,050 --> 00:11:02,883
Can you fill in the blank?

302
00:11:02,883 --> 00:11:03,830
AUDIENCE: Toothpaste?

303
00:11:03,830 --> 00:11:04,620
BLADE KOTELLY: Not toothpaste.

304
00:11:04,620 --> 00:11:05,430
That's a great idea.

305
00:11:05,430 --> 00:11:06,263
It's not toothpaste.

306
00:11:11,140 --> 00:11:11,640
Emily.

307
00:11:11,640 --> 00:11:13,514
AUDIENCE: Is it the
nylon, like the bristles?

308
00:11:13,514 --> 00:11:14,710
BLADE KOTELLY: It is nylon.

309
00:11:14,710 --> 00:11:16,060
It is the bristles.

310
00:11:16,060 --> 00:11:18,230
Nylon is made by whom?

311
00:11:18,230 --> 00:11:19,480
DuPont.

312
00:11:19,480 --> 00:11:24,410
Nylon bristles started
coming out in, I think, 1936.

313
00:11:24,410 --> 00:11:27,320
And they, DuPont
loves to sell nylon.

314
00:11:27,320 --> 00:11:29,901
And they said, hey John, we
want to sell a lot of nylon.

315
00:11:29,901 --> 00:11:32,400
Can you do something that going
to help sell a lot of nylon?

316
00:11:35,600 --> 00:11:38,010
And they asked him to do this.

317
00:11:38,010 --> 00:11:41,990
So what he did is he looked
around the world and he said,

318
00:11:41,990 --> 00:11:44,436
what in the world
is made of nylon?

319
00:11:44,436 --> 00:11:46,270
It's a lot of research
just to figure out

320
00:11:46,270 --> 00:11:47,640
what's made of nylon.

321
00:11:47,640 --> 00:11:51,000
What hasn't been redesigned in
a long time that's made of nylon

322
00:11:51,000 --> 00:11:52,620
that I could redesign?

323
00:11:52,620 --> 00:11:56,010
Hey, what hasn't been redesigned
in a long time, that's

324
00:11:56,010 --> 00:11:59,120
sold all over the
world, made of nylon,

325
00:11:59,120 --> 00:12:01,122
has existing manufacturing
capabilities,

326
00:12:01,122 --> 00:12:03,330
so it's really easy to make
a small modification that

327
00:12:03,330 --> 00:12:06,230
will sell a ton of nylon.

328
00:12:06,230 --> 00:12:06,730
Answer?

329
00:12:06,730 --> 00:12:08,310
Toothbrush.

330
00:12:08,310 --> 00:12:10,990
So he made a toothbrush
and he improved the design.

331
00:12:10,990 --> 00:12:13,530
And they made a tremendous
number of changes

332
00:12:13,530 --> 00:12:16,840
to the toothbrush in the
first design he made.

333
00:12:16,840 --> 00:12:19,110
And they kept releasing
them slowly over time.

334
00:12:19,110 --> 00:12:21,110
So people get used to it,
buy more toothbrushes,

335
00:12:21,110 --> 00:12:23,420
buy more nylon.

336
00:12:23,420 --> 00:12:24,720
Cool, right?

337
00:12:24,720 --> 00:12:26,842
So understand the
underlying reason.

338
00:12:26,842 --> 00:12:29,050
If you said, I want to sell--
if someone said to you,

339
00:12:29,050 --> 00:12:31,100
I want to sell a
lot of nylon, it's

340
00:12:31,100 --> 00:12:33,962
hard to figure out what to
do to sell a lot of nylon.

341
00:12:33,962 --> 00:12:35,880
And that was his approach.

342
00:12:35,880 --> 00:12:37,530
So what's the real problem here?

343
00:12:37,530 --> 00:12:38,360
Information phase.

344
00:12:38,360 --> 00:12:42,280
What in the world exists
that can inform us

345
00:12:42,280 --> 00:12:44,130
about this problem?

346
00:12:44,130 --> 00:12:48,710
So what kind of things might
you do to understand a problem?

347
00:12:52,472 --> 00:12:53,180
AUDIENCE: Google.

348
00:12:53,180 --> 00:12:53,930
BLADE KOTELLY: You
can use Google.

349
00:12:53,930 --> 00:12:54,922
Excellent.

350
00:12:54,922 --> 00:12:56,880
What else might you do
to understand a problem?

351
00:12:56,880 --> 00:12:59,520
AUDIENCE: Talk to people who
are suffering from the problem.

352
00:12:59,520 --> 00:13:00,020
BLADE KOTELLY: Talk to people.

353
00:13:00,020 --> 00:13:00,980
Do market research.

354
00:13:00,980 --> 00:13:02,060
Excellent.

355
00:13:02,060 --> 00:13:04,506
You might even look
at adjacent problems.

356
00:13:04,506 --> 00:13:06,130
Problems that are
not exactly the same.

357
00:13:06,130 --> 00:13:08,300
So if you're doing a
toothbrush redesign,

358
00:13:08,300 --> 00:13:09,800
what other kinds
of things might you

359
00:13:09,800 --> 00:13:12,410
look at to help
inform you about how

360
00:13:12,410 --> 00:13:13,660
to design a better toothbrush?

361
00:13:16,530 --> 00:13:17,213
Emily.

362
00:13:17,213 --> 00:13:18,060
AUDIENCE: Hair brush design.

363
00:13:18,060 --> 00:13:18,700
BLADE KOTELLY:
Hair brush design.

364
00:13:18,700 --> 00:13:19,650
Absolutely.

365
00:13:19,650 --> 00:13:21,002
Why?

366
00:13:21,002 --> 00:13:22,946
AUDIENCE: Might have
similar problems

367
00:13:22,946 --> 00:13:24,127
dealing with the product.

368
00:13:24,127 --> 00:13:25,210
BLADE KOTELLY: Absolutely.

369
00:13:25,210 --> 00:13:26,786
What else?

370
00:13:26,786 --> 00:13:28,084
AUDIENCE: Dental floss.

371
00:13:28,084 --> 00:13:29,250
BLADE KOTELLY: Dental floss.

372
00:13:29,250 --> 00:13:31,610
So you might figure out
what dental floss does well.

373
00:13:31,610 --> 00:13:33,194
In fact, there's a
dental floss device

374
00:13:33,194 --> 00:13:34,735
that looks kind of
like a toothbrush.

375
00:13:34,735 --> 00:13:35,610
It's got a handle.

376
00:13:35,610 --> 00:13:39,760
It's got a little small piece of
floss and you use it like this.

377
00:13:39,760 --> 00:13:41,700
So that's another way
of considering it.

378
00:13:41,700 --> 00:13:44,300
Excellent.

379
00:13:44,300 --> 00:13:45,350
Stakeholder phase.

380
00:13:45,350 --> 00:13:46,780
This is really important.

381
00:13:46,780 --> 00:13:48,530
What's wanted and who wants it?

382
00:13:51,830 --> 00:13:53,330
Just because you
can make it doesn't

383
00:13:53,330 --> 00:13:55,960
mean that people want it.

384
00:13:55,960 --> 00:13:58,060
Who knows what a VCR is?

385
00:13:58,060 --> 00:13:59,750
Great.

386
00:13:59,750 --> 00:14:03,120
This example won't work one day.

387
00:14:03,120 --> 00:14:03,620
OK.

388
00:14:03,620 --> 00:14:05,610
So here's the question.

389
00:14:05,610 --> 00:14:11,540
If I made a VCR, what functions
would it have to have.

390
00:14:11,540 --> 00:14:13,410
I'll start you off.

391
00:14:13,410 --> 00:14:15,485
Play.

392
00:14:15,485 --> 00:14:16,110
AUDIENCE: Stop.

393
00:14:16,110 --> 00:14:16,965
BLADE KOTELLY: Stop.

394
00:14:16,965 --> 00:14:17,380
AUDIENCE: Rewind.

395
00:14:17,380 --> 00:14:18,140
BLADE KOTELLY: Rewind.

396
00:14:18,140 --> 00:14:18,540
And?

397
00:14:18,540 --> 00:14:19,130
AUDIENCE: Fast forward.

398
00:14:19,130 --> 00:14:19,730
BLADE KOTELLY: Fast forward.

399
00:14:19,730 --> 00:14:20,230
What else?

400
00:14:20,230 --> 00:14:21,180
AUDIENCE: Eject.

401
00:14:21,180 --> 00:14:21,300
BLADE KOTELLY: Eject.

402
00:14:21,300 --> 00:14:22,942
That's great because
otherwise the tape

403
00:14:22,942 --> 00:14:24,480
is sitting stuck in there.

404
00:14:24,480 --> 00:14:27,060
Wow, it's an awesome
tape I keep using.

405
00:14:27,060 --> 00:14:29,816
I've watched "Tron" 145 times.

406
00:14:29,816 --> 00:14:31,047
AUDIENCE: Open.

407
00:14:31,047 --> 00:14:32,130
BLADE KOTELLY: What is it?

408
00:14:32,130 --> 00:14:33,087
AUDIENCE: Open.

409
00:14:33,087 --> 00:14:35,170
BLADE KOTELLY: Yes, so we
have an eject mechanism.

410
00:14:35,170 --> 00:14:36,094
Pause.

411
00:14:36,094 --> 00:14:36,760
AUDIENCE: Power.

412
00:14:36,760 --> 00:14:37,634
BLADE KOTELLY: Power.

413
00:14:37,634 --> 00:14:38,650
AUDIENCE: Record.

414
00:14:38,650 --> 00:14:39,846
BLADE KOTELLY: Power, yes.

415
00:14:39,846 --> 00:14:40,555
AUDIENCE: Record.

416
00:14:40,555 --> 00:14:41,471
BLADE KOTELLY: Record.

417
00:14:41,471 --> 00:14:42,145
That's great.

418
00:14:42,145 --> 00:14:44,103
AUDIENCE: Some of them
have the little displays

419
00:14:44,103 --> 00:14:44,959
with like the time.

420
00:14:44,959 --> 00:14:45,750
BLADE KOTELLY: Yes.

421
00:14:45,750 --> 00:14:48,165
I need a flashing 12:00.

422
00:14:48,165 --> 00:14:49,240
Let's do flash 12:00.

423
00:14:49,240 --> 00:14:49,740
OK.

424
00:14:49,740 --> 00:14:51,629
So, a time.

425
00:14:51,629 --> 00:14:53,170
Why do we have a
time display at all?

426
00:14:53,170 --> 00:14:55,808
Why was there ever a
time display on a VCR?

427
00:14:55,808 --> 00:14:57,519
AUDIENCE: So you know
long is the tape.

428
00:14:57,519 --> 00:14:58,560
BLADE KOTELLY: Well, yes.

429
00:14:58,560 --> 00:15:01,160
So we have some
sort of a method.

430
00:15:01,160 --> 00:15:02,596
That actually is separate.

431
00:15:02,596 --> 00:15:04,470
To position the tape,
I just use the counter.

432
00:15:04,470 --> 00:15:07,410
It might go up to a thousand
or something-- or more.

433
00:15:07,410 --> 00:15:09,500
The counter might tell me
a position of the tape.

434
00:15:09,500 --> 00:15:11,310
What'd the time tell me?

435
00:15:11,310 --> 00:15:12,500
Besides the time.

436
00:15:12,500 --> 00:15:14,050
AUDIENCE: How long
you've watched.

437
00:15:14,050 --> 00:15:15,290
BLADE KOTELLY: It could tell me
how long I've been watching it.

438
00:15:15,290 --> 00:15:16,745
It might allow me
to do something.

439
00:15:16,745 --> 00:15:17,870
AUDIENCE: Timed recordings.

440
00:15:17,870 --> 00:15:19,400
BLADE KOTELLY: Timed recordings.

441
00:15:19,400 --> 00:15:23,020
I could not have to be
home and I could set my VCR

442
00:15:23,020 --> 00:15:26,040
to record channel
four-- because back then

443
00:15:26,040 --> 00:15:29,780
we only had five
channels-- channel four

444
00:15:29,780 --> 00:15:33,190
and that would record
that at 5:00 PM

445
00:15:33,190 --> 00:15:34,920
when I didn't get
home till 7:00.

446
00:15:34,920 --> 00:15:36,310
Big deal.

447
00:15:36,310 --> 00:15:37,770
It was before DVRs.

448
00:15:37,770 --> 00:15:39,480
Amazing.

449
00:15:39,480 --> 00:15:40,050
What else?

450
00:15:43,940 --> 00:15:44,500
OK.

451
00:15:44,500 --> 00:15:45,375
I like that list too.

452
00:15:45,375 --> 00:15:50,330
So, let's suppose I made a VCR
and it had all these features

453
00:15:50,330 --> 00:15:54,710
on it but I took
away one feature.

454
00:15:54,710 --> 00:16:01,860
I took away the ability
for you to record.

455
00:16:01,860 --> 00:16:04,550
Show of hands, who thinks
that's still useful?

456
00:16:04,550 --> 00:16:06,540
Who thinks it's useless.

457
00:16:06,540 --> 00:16:07,040
OK.

458
00:16:07,040 --> 00:16:08,630
Why is it still useful?

459
00:16:08,630 --> 00:16:10,368
A VCR that cannot record.

460
00:16:10,368 --> 00:16:13,236
AUDIENCE: Because
that ability is

461
00:16:13,236 --> 00:16:17,060
pretty-- it's decoupled
from the other--

462
00:16:17,060 --> 00:16:19,317
from the other functions.

463
00:16:19,317 --> 00:16:21,900
BLADE KOTELLY: But why would I
want a VCR that doesn't record?

464
00:16:21,900 --> 00:16:23,469
AUDIENCE: So you
can watch movies?

465
00:16:23,469 --> 00:16:25,010
BLADE KOTELLY: So
I can watch movies.

466
00:16:25,010 --> 00:16:26,510
When would I want to
watch movies, but not

467
00:16:26,510 --> 00:16:27,551
be able to record things?

468
00:16:27,551 --> 00:16:28,780
AUDIENCE: When you rent them.

469
00:16:28,780 --> 00:16:30,113
BLADE KOTELLY: When I rent them.

470
00:16:30,113 --> 00:16:32,710
Or when I bring them to
a ski condo or something.

471
00:16:32,710 --> 00:16:35,400
I go to someone else's
place, we bring up videotapes

472
00:16:35,400 --> 00:16:37,150
and then people can
watch the video tapes.

473
00:16:37,150 --> 00:16:38,200
Right?

474
00:16:38,200 --> 00:16:38,760
Great.

475
00:16:38,760 --> 00:16:41,705
And what's the benefit of
not having that record head

476
00:16:41,705 --> 00:16:42,330
in the machine?

477
00:16:42,330 --> 00:16:44,630
Because it's a record
head and a playhead.

478
00:16:44,630 --> 00:16:47,195
AUDIENCE: It saves you a
lot of money manufacturing.

479
00:16:47,195 --> 00:16:49,570
BLADE KOTELLY: It saves you
a lot of money manufacturing.

480
00:16:49,570 --> 00:16:51,640
You can pass that savings
on to the consumer.

481
00:16:51,640 --> 00:16:54,200
Because these are two
different objects.

482
00:16:54,200 --> 00:16:55,530
OK.

483
00:16:55,530 --> 00:16:57,710
What if I took out,
instead of the record head,

484
00:16:57,710 --> 00:16:58,720
I took out the playhead.

485
00:16:58,720 --> 00:17:00,490
Who thinks that's useful?

486
00:17:00,490 --> 00:17:02,930
Who thinks it's useless?

487
00:17:02,930 --> 00:17:03,880
You're all wrong.

488
00:17:03,880 --> 00:17:05,713
No, it's you're all
right, in a certain way.

489
00:17:05,713 --> 00:17:07,579
Why do you think it's useless?

490
00:17:07,579 --> 00:17:09,280
I can't play videotape.

491
00:17:09,280 --> 00:17:10,069
Why is it useless?

492
00:17:10,069 --> 00:17:10,957
AUDIENCE: Because you
can record something.

493
00:17:10,957 --> 00:17:12,290
You can't watch it.

494
00:17:12,290 --> 00:17:14,164
BLADE KOTELLY: As soon
as I record something,

495
00:17:14,164 --> 00:17:15,150
I can't watch it.

496
00:17:15,150 --> 00:17:17,022
Kind of a weird
thing to do, right?

497
00:17:17,022 --> 00:17:19,230
Oh, I can't wait to watch
this thing when I get home.

498
00:17:19,230 --> 00:17:20,150
I've recorded it.

499
00:17:20,150 --> 00:17:20,720
Now what?

500
00:17:20,720 --> 00:17:23,150
I have no idea.

501
00:17:23,150 --> 00:17:24,200
But think of it this way.

502
00:17:27,520 --> 00:17:31,020
What if I had a
business and my business

503
00:17:31,020 --> 00:17:35,840
was a video
duplication business.

504
00:17:35,840 --> 00:17:40,001
You gave me one videotape and
I'd make thousands for you.

505
00:17:40,001 --> 00:17:42,450
You know at graduation
they shoot people

506
00:17:42,450 --> 00:17:43,330
when they walk down.

507
00:17:43,330 --> 00:17:47,200
[LAUGHTER]

508
00:17:47,200 --> 00:17:48,946
BLADE KOTELLY: With a camera.

509
00:17:48,946 --> 00:17:52,280
They shoot people when they walk
down and receive their diploma

510
00:17:52,280 --> 00:17:53,580
and they shake hands.

511
00:17:53,580 --> 00:17:56,770
So, they have you on videotape.

512
00:17:56,770 --> 00:17:58,900
And what if people want
to order videotapes?

513
00:17:58,900 --> 00:18:00,130
They want to duplicate them.

514
00:18:00,130 --> 00:18:03,420
Or back when you used to
buy videotapes, as a kid

515
00:18:03,420 --> 00:18:07,520
perhaps, you bought "Bambi"
and you wanted to get a copy.

516
00:18:07,520 --> 00:18:14,900
Well, there's some room where
there's a machine and it plays.

517
00:18:14,900 --> 00:18:20,310
And there are thousands
of machines that record.

518
00:18:20,310 --> 00:18:21,740
Thousands.

519
00:18:21,740 --> 00:18:23,030
They can record and rewind.

520
00:18:23,030 --> 00:18:24,840
They can do nothing else.

521
00:18:24,840 --> 00:18:26,550
They record and they rewind.

522
00:18:26,550 --> 00:18:28,460
And that's all they do.

523
00:18:28,460 --> 00:18:29,500
That's the whole thing.

524
00:18:29,500 --> 00:18:30,999
And so it's a lot
cheaper for people

525
00:18:30,999 --> 00:18:33,830
to buy thousands of those things
without the playhead or fast

526
00:18:33,830 --> 00:18:35,070
forward or anything else.

527
00:18:35,070 --> 00:18:37,720
You can really make it a
much less expensive product.

528
00:18:37,720 --> 00:18:39,886
So, just because you can
do it and you can put it on

529
00:18:39,886 --> 00:18:42,190
there doesn't mean you should.

530
00:18:42,190 --> 00:18:44,674
So, stakeholder phase is
also a little bit bigger.

531
00:18:44,674 --> 00:18:46,090
Who are the possible
stakeholders?

532
00:18:46,090 --> 00:18:47,280
We talked about this
a little bit before.

533
00:18:47,280 --> 00:18:49,970
I think Ben brought it up,
saying that the stakeholder can

534
00:18:49,970 --> 00:18:53,760
be shareholders or
they could be people

535
00:18:53,760 --> 00:18:58,480
who are related to the design
in some method, some aspect.

536
00:18:58,480 --> 00:19:03,095
Whether it's-- in this class.

537
00:19:03,095 --> 00:19:05,750
Let's take this
class, for example.

538
00:19:05,750 --> 00:19:11,020
Who are your stakeholders
in this class?

539
00:19:11,020 --> 00:19:12,806
Who's the primary stakeholder?

540
00:19:12,806 --> 00:19:13,800
AUDIENCE: Ourselves.

541
00:19:13,800 --> 00:19:14,620
BLADE KOTELLY: You.

542
00:19:14,620 --> 00:19:16,430
You're the primary stakeholder.

543
00:19:16,430 --> 00:19:17,630
Who's another stakeholder?

544
00:19:17,630 --> 00:19:18,412
AUDIENCE: Parents.

545
00:19:18,412 --> 00:19:19,370
BLADE KOTELLY: Parents.

546
00:19:19,370 --> 00:19:20,182
Why?

547
00:19:20,182 --> 00:19:21,896
AUDIENCE: Because
they're paying for it.

548
00:19:21,896 --> 00:19:23,770
BLADE KOTELLY: Because
they're paying for it.

549
00:19:23,770 --> 00:19:25,603
And they want to get
some value out of that.

550
00:19:25,603 --> 00:19:26,360
Who else?

551
00:19:26,360 --> 00:19:27,060
AUDIENCE: Staff.

552
00:19:27,060 --> 00:19:27,935
BLADE KOTELLY: Staff.

553
00:19:27,935 --> 00:19:28,490
Which staff?

554
00:19:28,490 --> 00:19:29,350
AUDIENCE: All of you guys.

555
00:19:29,350 --> 00:19:29,930
BLADE KOTELLY: All of us.

556
00:19:29,930 --> 00:19:31,141
So we're all stakeholders.

557
00:19:31,141 --> 00:19:33,390
AUDIENCE: You all want to
see this class be a success.

558
00:19:33,390 --> 00:19:33,550
BLADE KOTELLY: No.

559
00:19:33,550 --> 00:19:35,050
We want to see you be success.

560
00:19:35,050 --> 00:19:35,697
It's different.

561
00:19:35,697 --> 00:19:36,280
AUDIENCE: Aww.

562
00:19:36,280 --> 00:19:38,113
BLADE KOTELLY: I don't
care about the class.

563
00:19:38,113 --> 00:19:39,240
[LAUGHTER]

564
00:19:39,240 --> 00:19:40,230
It's true.

565
00:19:40,230 --> 00:19:41,220
AUDIENCE: I believe it.

566
00:19:41,220 --> 00:19:42,620
BLADE KOTELLY: The class
could be a massive failure,

567
00:19:42,620 --> 00:19:44,490
but if you're successful,
and we've helped

568
00:19:44,490 --> 00:19:46,390
you do that, then
we've been successful.

569
00:19:46,390 --> 00:19:48,015
That's our job, to
make you successful.

570
00:19:50,590 --> 00:19:52,973
What other stakeholders
do you have?

571
00:19:52,973 --> 00:19:53,779
AUDIENCE: MIT.

572
00:19:53,779 --> 00:19:54,570
BLADE KOTELLY: MIT.

573
00:19:54,570 --> 00:19:56,030
How's MIT a stakeholder?

574
00:19:56,030 --> 00:19:56,530
What?

575
00:19:56,530 --> 00:19:58,196
AUDIENCE: They're
putting us on their CW

576
00:19:58,196 --> 00:20:00,370
so they get more
attention to MIT--

577
00:20:00,370 --> 00:20:01,790
BLADE KOTELLY: Well, maybe so
they can get more attention

578
00:20:01,790 --> 00:20:03,370
or maybe so they
can share the ideas

579
00:20:03,370 --> 00:20:07,534
with people who can't be in
this room with all of you.

580
00:20:07,534 --> 00:20:09,450
So maybe there are two
different stakeholders.

581
00:20:09,450 --> 00:20:11,450
Maybe there's people that
want to get money from

582
00:20:11,450 --> 00:20:13,260
and say, look at
this cool class!

583
00:20:13,260 --> 00:20:14,630
I hope they think it's cool.

584
00:20:14,630 --> 00:20:16,340
Or maybe there are
people who say,

585
00:20:16,340 --> 00:20:18,090
I really wanted to
hear about that lecture

586
00:20:18,090 --> 00:20:20,420
that I can't get to.

587
00:20:20,420 --> 00:20:22,610
John's brother can't get
to this lecture today.

588
00:20:22,610 --> 00:20:23,990
Wanted to.

589
00:20:23,990 --> 00:20:25,050
Can't do it.

590
00:20:25,050 --> 00:20:27,196
So he's a stakeholder as
well of the recording.

591
00:20:27,196 --> 00:20:28,570
So lots of
stakeholders and we'll

592
00:20:28,570 --> 00:20:32,030
be discussing this next class.

593
00:20:32,030 --> 00:20:33,850
Now we do
planning/operational research.

594
00:20:33,850 --> 00:20:34,710
What's realistic?

595
00:20:34,710 --> 00:20:35,640
What limits us?

596
00:20:35,640 --> 00:20:38,250
If we want to make
something, what limits

597
00:20:38,250 --> 00:20:41,570
do we have whenever
we make something?

598
00:20:41,570 --> 00:20:42,430
AUDIENCE: Cost.

599
00:20:42,430 --> 00:20:43,010
BLADE KOTELLY: Cost.

600
00:20:43,010 --> 00:20:43,509
Sure.

601
00:20:43,509 --> 00:20:46,795
What do you mean by cost?

602
00:20:46,795 --> 00:20:48,822
AUDIENCE: The cost
of manufacturing.

603
00:20:48,822 --> 00:20:50,530
BLADE KOTELLY: The
cost of manufacturing.

604
00:20:50,530 --> 00:20:51,614
What about software?

605
00:20:51,614 --> 00:20:53,530
Does it cost anything
to manufacture software?

606
00:20:53,530 --> 00:20:54,230
AUDIENCE: Yes.

607
00:20:54,230 --> 00:20:55,794
BLADE KOTELLY:
What does it cost?

608
00:20:55,794 --> 00:20:57,240
AUDIENCE: Time.

609
00:20:57,240 --> 00:20:59,110
BLADE KOTELLY: For
the-- well, yes.

610
00:20:59,110 --> 00:21:01,780
Let's call that the design
development portion.

611
00:21:01,780 --> 00:21:03,401
But how about the
manufacturing of it?

612
00:21:03,401 --> 00:21:04,900
Because if I
manufacture toothbrush,

613
00:21:04,900 --> 00:21:06,235
I've designed and
developed it and now I

614
00:21:06,235 --> 00:21:07,530
could have machines
that are stamping out

615
00:21:07,530 --> 00:21:09,200
toothbrushes and putting
bristles all on stuff.

616
00:21:09,200 --> 00:21:10,110
How about software?

617
00:21:10,110 --> 00:21:11,530
Any cost of software?

618
00:21:11,530 --> 00:21:13,830
[INTERPOSING VOICES]

619
00:21:13,830 --> 00:21:14,880
A lot less.

620
00:21:14,880 --> 00:21:15,880
There is a cost, though.

621
00:21:15,880 --> 00:21:18,046
Because I gotta pay somebody
to host it and somebody

622
00:21:18,046 --> 00:21:19,970
to-- every time you
download software,

623
00:21:19,970 --> 00:21:22,580
it costs a little bit of money
and that begins to add up.

624
00:21:22,580 --> 00:21:23,394
So yes.

625
00:21:23,394 --> 00:21:24,707
AUDIENCE: Cost of memory--

626
00:21:24,707 --> 00:21:25,790
BLADE KOTELLY: Absolutely.

627
00:21:25,790 --> 00:21:26,290
Yes.

628
00:21:26,290 --> 00:21:28,900
So there are costs
involved that can limit us.

629
00:21:28,900 --> 00:21:30,552
What else?

630
00:21:30,552 --> 00:21:31,460
AUDIENCE: Time.

631
00:21:31,460 --> 00:21:32,520
BLADE KOTELLY: Time.

632
00:21:32,520 --> 00:21:34,100
What kind of time?

633
00:21:34,100 --> 00:21:37,390
AUDIENCE: When you're in
the-- basically any stage,

634
00:21:37,390 --> 00:21:41,196
you have a certain amount
of time to get this done,

635
00:21:41,196 --> 00:21:43,004
so you've got deadlines to meet.

636
00:21:43,004 --> 00:21:44,550
Plus, if you're
paying people to work

637
00:21:44,550 --> 00:21:46,299
for you, the longer
they're working on it,

638
00:21:46,299 --> 00:21:48,479
the more that turns
into money later.

639
00:21:48,479 --> 00:21:49,270
BLADE KOTELLY: Yes.

640
00:21:49,270 --> 00:21:50,960
So there are lots
of costs involved.

641
00:21:50,960 --> 00:21:54,320
I'm sorry, lots of
time costs involved.

642
00:21:54,320 --> 00:21:56,200
So the time it
takes for something

643
00:21:56,200 --> 00:22:00,330
to be executed upon to the
time we have to execute it.

644
00:22:00,330 --> 00:22:02,920
In classes, you're
often limited by time.

645
00:22:02,920 --> 00:22:04,560
If you had an infinite
amount of time,

646
00:22:04,560 --> 00:22:08,180
you could learn the material
much more easily, probably.

647
00:22:08,180 --> 00:22:09,952
What else are we limited by?

648
00:22:09,952 --> 00:22:11,660
AUDIENCE: Finite amount
of raw materials.

649
00:22:11,660 --> 00:22:12,993
BLADE KOTELLY: Materials, right.

650
00:22:12,993 --> 00:22:17,380
And materials can come
in a lot of versions.

651
00:22:17,380 --> 00:22:20,470
Resources can be
physical resources,

652
00:22:20,470 --> 00:22:22,600
they can be people
resources, they

653
00:22:22,600 --> 00:22:26,080
can be environmental resources
that we have access to.

654
00:22:26,080 --> 00:22:27,538
Anything else?

655
00:22:27,538 --> 00:22:28,960
AUDIENCE: Technical
capabilities.

656
00:22:28,960 --> 00:22:29,410
BLADE KOTELLY: Abilities.

657
00:22:29,410 --> 00:22:30,340
Knowledge.

658
00:22:30,340 --> 00:22:32,160
We can be limited by knowledge.

659
00:22:32,160 --> 00:22:33,860
So we have a team--
a brilliant team.

660
00:22:33,860 --> 00:22:37,240
You're all brilliant people.

661
00:22:37,240 --> 00:22:39,430
Who here knows the
process of opening

662
00:22:39,430 --> 00:22:42,120
a restaurant that's successful?

663
00:22:42,120 --> 00:22:42,620
OK.

664
00:22:42,620 --> 00:22:45,760
So right now we're limited by
a certain level of knowledge.

665
00:22:45,760 --> 00:22:49,340
If we all decided to open a
successful restaurant tomorrow,

666
00:22:49,340 --> 00:22:51,550
but you are all
brilliant people,

667
00:22:51,550 --> 00:22:53,990
so maybe we could figure
it out very quickly.

668
00:22:53,990 --> 00:22:54,540
Maybe not.

669
00:22:54,540 --> 00:22:55,600
Maybe we'd find
someone who's already

670
00:22:55,600 --> 00:22:57,160
opened a successful
restaurant to let

671
00:22:57,160 --> 00:22:59,460
us know all the
things we should know

672
00:22:59,460 --> 00:23:02,360
and short circuit that amount
of failure time we have.

673
00:23:02,360 --> 00:23:03,030
OK.

674
00:23:03,030 --> 00:23:06,300
So, from there we go
into a hazard analysis.

675
00:23:06,300 --> 00:23:09,090
And we're thinking
about here, what's safe?

676
00:23:09,090 --> 00:23:10,820
Or what can go wrong?

677
00:23:10,820 --> 00:23:15,390
So in classical design, let's
say it's a baby's high chair.

678
00:23:15,390 --> 00:23:17,410
I might say, well,
if the baby can

679
00:23:17,410 --> 00:23:20,727
slip underneath the high
chair, that's not safe.

680
00:23:20,727 --> 00:23:22,310
So you gotta keep
that from happening.

681
00:23:22,310 --> 00:23:25,470
If I'm designing a
stock trading system,

682
00:23:25,470 --> 00:23:28,650
where online you get
to buy stock or maybe

683
00:23:28,650 --> 00:23:30,110
call over the phone.

684
00:23:30,110 --> 00:23:34,530
You say, buy 100 shares of
Microsoft at the market price.

685
00:23:34,530 --> 00:23:37,014
What could go wrong?

686
00:23:37,014 --> 00:23:37,680
AUDIENCE: Fraud.

687
00:23:37,680 --> 00:23:38,555
BLADE KOTELLY: Fraud.

688
00:23:38,555 --> 00:23:40,359
What kind of fraud?

689
00:23:40,359 --> 00:23:42,299
AUDIENCE: Someone
impersonates someone else

690
00:23:42,299 --> 00:23:44,340
BLADE KOTELLY: So we have
a security issue there.

691
00:23:44,340 --> 00:23:45,280
We don't know if you are you.

692
00:23:45,280 --> 00:23:46,484
What else can go wrong?

693
00:23:46,484 --> 00:23:49,448
AUDIENCE: In terms of how
you design the website

694
00:23:49,448 --> 00:23:50,930
or whatever else--
the interface--

695
00:23:50,930 --> 00:23:53,400
if it's really easy
to make mistakes.

696
00:23:53,400 --> 00:23:54,890
Say, an extra zero somewhere.

697
00:23:54,890 --> 00:23:55,960
BLADE KOTELLY: Yes.

698
00:23:55,960 --> 00:23:59,550
What if I put a number in
and I don't put the dots

699
00:23:59,550 --> 00:24:00,705
and I have two zeros.

700
00:24:03,612 --> 00:24:06,116
It's a bit more than
a rounding error.

701
00:24:06,116 --> 00:24:10,670
In fact, a friend of mine
just made a piece of software

702
00:24:10,670 --> 00:24:12,720
where you can pay-- you
walk into a restaurant

703
00:24:12,720 --> 00:24:14,720
and if they have the
software running,

704
00:24:14,720 --> 00:24:17,130
you can walk in to say,
I'm here at the restaurant.

705
00:24:17,130 --> 00:24:19,487
And then when you want to
leave, if a bunch of you

706
00:24:19,487 --> 00:24:21,320
are all eating together,
so we're all eating

707
00:24:21,320 --> 00:24:23,560
and we want to split
the bill differently,

708
00:24:23,560 --> 00:24:27,405
and he ordered something,
the very expensive caviar,

709
00:24:27,405 --> 00:24:29,280
and she ordered the very
expensive champagne,

710
00:24:29,280 --> 00:24:33,190
and she ordered the
very inexpensive fries,

711
00:24:33,190 --> 00:24:36,640
and she ordered the somewhat
moderately expensive chicken,

712
00:24:36,640 --> 00:24:38,224
and I didn't order anything.

713
00:24:38,224 --> 00:24:39,890
Well, we want to split
the bill somehow.

714
00:24:39,890 --> 00:24:42,150
Well, they make it
very easy to do it.

715
00:24:42,150 --> 00:24:46,952
But they were just testing it
in real life and for a server,

716
00:24:46,952 --> 00:24:49,160
the server came over said,
let me see how to do this.

717
00:24:49,160 --> 00:24:50,576
And he said, sure
let me show you.

718
00:24:50,576 --> 00:24:54,520
The server entered in the
numbers for how much we had.

719
00:24:54,520 --> 00:24:59,280
But it came out
to a huge number.

720
00:24:59,280 --> 00:25:00,130
Much more expensive.

721
00:25:00,130 --> 00:25:03,050
100 times more expensive.

722
00:25:03,050 --> 00:25:05,650
Because servers, on these
point of sale systems

723
00:25:05,650 --> 00:25:09,120
that they press in, they
don't enter the decimal point.

724
00:25:09,120 --> 00:25:11,570
Because it's faster to
just type in the numbers

725
00:25:11,570 --> 00:25:13,020
and enter two zeros.

726
00:25:13,020 --> 00:25:16,640
So his system required that
you enter a decimal point.

727
00:25:16,640 --> 00:25:19,090
And he realized, oh, gotta
change that behavior.

728
00:25:19,090 --> 00:25:21,560
So what can go wrong.

729
00:25:21,560 --> 00:25:23,600
We think about in
this hazard analysis,

730
00:25:23,600 --> 00:25:25,205
which is lots of things.

731
00:25:25,205 --> 00:25:26,830
And so when you're
designing something,

732
00:25:26,830 --> 00:25:29,350
you want to think of
what can go wrong.

733
00:25:29,350 --> 00:25:31,020
In software, we have bugs.

734
00:25:31,020 --> 00:25:34,165
Bugs can go wrong and we
try to mitigate for that.

735
00:25:34,165 --> 00:25:36,400
In physical design,
it can be unsafe.

736
00:25:36,400 --> 00:25:38,214
Someone's hand could
be caught something.

737
00:25:38,214 --> 00:25:39,380
They could pinch their hand.

738
00:25:39,380 --> 00:25:41,380
It could cause injury.

739
00:25:41,380 --> 00:25:43,522
From that, we do a
specifications phase to really

740
00:25:43,522 --> 00:25:44,230
sit down say, OK.

741
00:25:44,230 --> 00:25:45,580
What is required?

742
00:25:45,580 --> 00:25:47,500
What's required of
this design without

743
00:25:47,500 --> 00:25:52,790
any specific instructions
of how to design it?

744
00:25:52,790 --> 00:25:54,180
What's required?

745
00:25:54,180 --> 00:25:56,320
So in this phase,
we really sit down

746
00:25:56,320 --> 00:25:58,710
to figure out what
we need to do.

747
00:25:58,710 --> 00:26:02,380
But we haven't said
what to do yet.

748
00:26:02,380 --> 00:26:04,550
We go on to creative design.

749
00:26:04,550 --> 00:26:07,550
Who here knows
how to brainstorm?

750
00:26:07,550 --> 00:26:10,010
Who here does not know
how to brainstorm?

751
00:26:10,010 --> 00:26:10,510
OK.

752
00:26:10,510 --> 00:26:11,480
Brainstorming is
really important

753
00:26:11,480 --> 00:26:13,354
and we'll talk about
this a little bit later.

754
00:26:13,354 --> 00:26:15,244
How you brainstorm
is important as well.

755
00:26:15,244 --> 00:26:16,910
This is the part where
we begin to think

756
00:26:16,910 --> 00:26:19,950
about all the different
things that are possible.

757
00:26:19,950 --> 00:26:21,950
And if you're working
with a good team or people

758
00:26:21,950 --> 00:26:23,650
you like a lot, it's
easier to come up

759
00:26:23,650 --> 00:26:25,660
with really interesting ideas.

760
00:26:25,660 --> 00:26:29,040
They may be terrible ideas but
they may be very interesting.

761
00:26:29,040 --> 00:26:30,606
And that's OK.

762
00:26:30,606 --> 00:26:32,980
From there, we start narrowing
down to conceptual design.

763
00:26:32,980 --> 00:26:37,670
What are the potential
solutions that we can make?

764
00:26:37,670 --> 00:26:41,410
So we might have a few different
ones that look pretty good.

765
00:26:41,410 --> 00:26:43,106
But they may not work together.

766
00:26:43,106 --> 00:26:44,730
We might say look,
we go down one path,

767
00:26:44,730 --> 00:26:46,600
we can't go down the other path.

768
00:26:46,600 --> 00:26:48,207
They are mutually exclusive.

769
00:26:48,207 --> 00:26:49,790
Or if we try to do
both paths, they're

770
00:26:49,790 --> 00:26:52,460
very hard to do together.

771
00:26:52,460 --> 00:26:54,800
So we narrow down
the concepts and then

772
00:26:54,800 --> 00:26:57,000
we say, OK, we're going
to pick something.

773
00:26:57,000 --> 00:26:59,060
At this phase, you
might just say,

774
00:26:59,060 --> 00:27:01,130
let's pick whatever
one we want to.

775
00:27:01,130 --> 00:27:05,030
Or you might have a process
for picking a design.

776
00:27:05,030 --> 00:27:06,960
You might ask
experts to help you

777
00:27:06,960 --> 00:27:09,260
pick which approach to take.

778
00:27:09,260 --> 00:27:10,540
You might do market research.

779
00:27:10,540 --> 00:27:12,289
You might do a whole
bunch of other things

780
00:27:12,289 --> 00:27:16,000
to figure out which
one you prototype.

781
00:27:16,000 --> 00:27:19,360
And lastly, the last
step is verification.

782
00:27:19,360 --> 00:27:20,880
And I don't mean
quality assurance.

783
00:27:20,880 --> 00:27:23,340
I don't mean does it work
to the specification.

784
00:27:23,340 --> 00:27:27,080
Of course we expect it to
work as we want it to work.

785
00:27:27,080 --> 00:27:28,240
But I mean, do people like?

786
00:27:28,240 --> 00:27:28,980
Can they use it?

787
00:27:28,980 --> 00:27:30,470
Do they want to use it?

788
00:27:30,470 --> 00:27:32,797
Is it emotionally and
intellectually compelling?

789
00:27:32,797 --> 00:27:33,630
Does it makes sense?

790
00:27:33,630 --> 00:27:36,590
Does it connect with
people on these two levels?

791
00:27:36,590 --> 00:27:38,800
And that goes right down
to very small things.

792
00:27:38,800 --> 00:27:42,006
To parts and cars.

793
00:27:42,006 --> 00:27:44,380
Goes to things that are consumer
products and things that

794
00:27:44,380 --> 00:27:46,850
are less obvious in terms
of being consumer products.

795
00:27:50,580 --> 00:27:56,580
And we have an end solution but
is it an end solution, really?

796
00:27:56,580 --> 00:28:00,470
What solutions or products
do you know that cannot be

797
00:28:00,470 --> 00:28:01,630
improved upon?

798
00:28:01,630 --> 00:28:02,210
Any ideas?

799
00:28:06,200 --> 00:28:07,100
That's pretty good.

800
00:28:07,100 --> 00:28:08,120
Maybe there is
something out there.

801
00:28:08,120 --> 00:28:10,550
But I like the idea that
we can improve on anything.

802
00:28:10,550 --> 00:28:14,120
So end solutions mean if there's
more room for improvement,

803
00:28:14,120 --> 00:28:17,480
we go back and do the whole
process all over again.

804
00:28:17,480 --> 00:28:19,215
Let's map this to
cooking dinner.

805
00:28:19,215 --> 00:28:22,390
Who here has cooked dinner?

806
00:28:22,390 --> 00:28:25,586
Who has never cooked
anything in their life?

807
00:28:25,586 --> 00:28:28,200
Ah, it's worth cooking.

808
00:28:28,200 --> 00:28:28,700
You'll like.

809
00:28:28,700 --> 00:28:29,920
It will make you less hungry.

810
00:28:29,920 --> 00:28:32,934
So let's start off.

811
00:28:32,934 --> 00:28:34,350
We're going to
identify the needs.

812
00:28:34,350 --> 00:28:37,695
What is the underlying
reason that we cook dinner?

813
00:28:37,695 --> 00:28:38,844
AUDIENCE: Hunger.

814
00:28:38,844 --> 00:28:39,760
BLADE KOTELLY: Hunger.

815
00:28:39,760 --> 00:28:41,032
Because we're hungry.

816
00:28:41,032 --> 00:28:42,740
What other underlying
reasons could there

817
00:28:42,740 --> 00:28:43,984
be for cooking dinner?

818
00:28:43,984 --> 00:28:45,400
AUDIENCE: Other
people are hungry.

819
00:28:45,400 --> 00:28:47,299
BLADE KOTELLY: Other
people are hungry, yes.

820
00:28:47,299 --> 00:28:48,840
AUDIENCE: Could be
a social occasion.

821
00:28:48,840 --> 00:28:49,920
BLADE KOTELLY: A
social occasion.

822
00:28:49,920 --> 00:28:51,070
AUDIENCE: To stay alive.

823
00:28:51,070 --> 00:28:53,710
BLADE KOTELLY: To
stay alive, yes.

824
00:28:53,710 --> 00:28:56,448
Maslow's hierarchy here.

825
00:28:56,448 --> 00:28:59,304
AUDIENCE: Not to
take the dining plan.

826
00:29:02,160 --> 00:29:04,210
BLADE KOTELLY: To avoid
a required dining plan,

827
00:29:04,210 --> 00:29:04,970
you need to cook.

828
00:29:04,970 --> 00:29:05,280
OK.

829
00:29:05,280 --> 00:29:05,779
What else?

830
00:29:05,779 --> 00:29:08,720
AUDIENCE: To win or earn money.

831
00:29:08,720 --> 00:29:10,620
BLADE KOTELLY: To
win or earn money.

832
00:29:10,620 --> 00:29:12,750
Do you mean, on a TV show?

833
00:29:12,750 --> 00:29:13,925
Fantastic.

834
00:29:13,925 --> 00:29:15,260
AUDIENCE: I like cooking.

835
00:29:15,260 --> 00:29:16,010
BLADE KOTELLY: You like cooking.

836
00:29:16,010 --> 00:29:16,855
It's an enjoyable experience.

837
00:29:16,855 --> 00:29:17,647
It's fun to do.

838
00:29:17,647 --> 00:29:18,230
It's creative.

839
00:29:18,230 --> 00:29:18,710
What else?

840
00:29:18,710 --> 00:29:19,440
AUDIENCE: Boredom.

841
00:29:19,440 --> 00:29:20,290
BLADE KOTELLY: Boredom.

842
00:29:20,290 --> 00:29:20,860
I'm bored.

843
00:29:20,860 --> 00:29:21,590
What should I do?

844
00:29:21,590 --> 00:29:22,250
Watch TV?

845
00:29:22,250 --> 00:29:22,570
No.

846
00:29:22,570 --> 00:29:23,270
Play video games?

847
00:29:23,270 --> 00:29:23,660
No.

848
00:29:23,660 --> 00:29:24,160
Cook?

849
00:29:24,160 --> 00:29:26,200
Great.

850
00:29:26,200 --> 00:29:28,970
Why else would we cook?

851
00:29:28,970 --> 00:29:31,460
AUDIENCE: To come
up with new dishes.

852
00:29:31,460 --> 00:29:33,210
BLADE KOTELLY: To come
up with new dishes.

853
00:29:33,210 --> 00:29:34,584
To create, to
innovate on dishes.

854
00:29:34,584 --> 00:29:36,182
What else?

855
00:29:36,182 --> 00:29:37,390
AUDIENCE: To impress someone.

856
00:29:37,390 --> 00:29:38,806
BLADE KOTELLY: To
impress someone.

857
00:29:38,806 --> 00:29:40,084
Who might you want to impress?

858
00:29:40,084 --> 00:29:41,500
AUDIENCE: Boyfriend
or girlfriend.

859
00:29:41,500 --> 00:29:42,583
BLADE KOTELLY: Ah, a date.

860
00:29:42,583 --> 00:29:43,840
A boyfriend or girlfriend.

861
00:29:43,840 --> 00:29:44,820
Great.

862
00:29:44,820 --> 00:29:45,320
Jackie.

863
00:29:45,320 --> 00:29:45,819
OK.

864
00:29:45,819 --> 00:29:49,830
So Jackie has a date.

865
00:29:49,830 --> 00:29:51,710
And she's identified the needs.

866
00:29:51,710 --> 00:29:55,640
She's gotta impress her date.

867
00:29:55,640 --> 00:29:57,250
We go on to an
information phase.

868
00:29:57,250 --> 00:29:59,190
What in the world
can help Jackie

869
00:29:59,190 --> 00:30:01,040
determine how to
impress her date?

870
00:30:04,040 --> 00:30:06,642
AUDIENCE: What does
he like to eat?

871
00:30:06,642 --> 00:30:08,850
BLADE KOTELLY: Ah, yes, so
she's lost her voice here.

872
00:30:08,850 --> 00:30:11,670
And she said, what
does he like to eat?

873
00:30:11,670 --> 00:30:12,170
Right.

874
00:30:12,170 --> 00:30:13,620
What does the date like to eat?

875
00:30:13,620 --> 00:30:14,120
Right.

876
00:30:14,120 --> 00:30:16,110
That's what we want to find out.

877
00:30:16,110 --> 00:30:18,110
So we're doing market
research to that point

878
00:30:18,110 --> 00:30:20,950
to figure out the preferences
of our target audience.

879
00:30:20,950 --> 00:30:21,657
Emily.

880
00:30:21,657 --> 00:30:23,240
AUDIENCE: What the
date's allergic to?

881
00:30:23,240 --> 00:30:24,170
BLADE KOTELLY: What's
that he's allergic to?

882
00:30:24,170 --> 00:30:25,711
I would put that in
step number five.

883
00:30:30,899 --> 00:30:31,940
AUDIENCE: Food in season?

884
00:30:31,940 --> 00:30:32,650
BLADE KOTELLY: Ah,
food in season.

885
00:30:32,650 --> 00:30:32,870
Yes.

886
00:30:32,870 --> 00:30:34,828
We could be informed by
what food is in season.

887
00:30:34,828 --> 00:30:37,474
And how would we find out
what food is in season?

888
00:30:37,474 --> 00:30:39,710
AUDIENCE: Grocery
store or look online?

889
00:30:39,710 --> 00:30:41,668
BLADE KOTELLY: You can
go to the grocery store.

890
00:30:41,668 --> 00:30:42,727
Now, tomatoes.

891
00:30:42,727 --> 00:30:44,560
Have you ever not been
able to find a tomato

892
00:30:44,560 --> 00:30:46,300
at your grocery store?

893
00:30:46,300 --> 00:30:48,551
But they're not in
season very long.

894
00:30:48,551 --> 00:30:50,842
So the question is, if you
want to get something that's

895
00:30:50,842 --> 00:30:53,680
in season and local perhaps,
you can go to grocery stores,

896
00:30:53,680 --> 00:30:55,127
you could look online.

897
00:30:55,127 --> 00:30:56,410
AUDIENCE: Farmers market.

898
00:30:56,410 --> 00:30:58,510
BLADE KOTELLY: A farmer's market
where the farmers who are local

899
00:30:58,510 --> 00:30:59,990
come over there
and they'll let you

900
00:30:59,990 --> 00:31:01,365
know, we've got
lots of kohlrabi.

901
00:31:01,365 --> 00:31:04,019
Rabi Who here has
ever used kohlrabi?

902
00:31:04,019 --> 00:31:05,560
Who's ever heard
the word "kohlrabi?"

903
00:31:05,560 --> 00:31:06,059
OK.

904
00:31:06,059 --> 00:31:11,030
So it's one of those things that
farmers' markets have lots of.

905
00:31:11,030 --> 00:31:13,010
What else?

906
00:31:13,010 --> 00:31:14,480
AUDIENCE: What's affordable?

907
00:31:14,480 --> 00:31:15,854
BLADE KOTELLY:
What's affordable.

908
00:31:15,854 --> 00:31:19,840
I might put that under
our planning research

909
00:31:19,840 --> 00:31:21,720
and operational research there.

910
00:31:21,720 --> 00:31:22,550
Jackie.

911
00:31:22,550 --> 00:31:23,450
AUDIENCE: What do
you know how to make?

912
00:31:23,450 --> 00:31:24,490
BLADE KOTELLY: What do
you know how to make.

913
00:31:24,490 --> 00:31:25,460
Knowledge.

914
00:31:25,460 --> 00:31:28,070
That's what would be limited
by in planned research.

915
00:31:28,070 --> 00:31:31,580
But what else can inform our
decision can also be that.

916
00:31:31,580 --> 00:31:35,610
Which is, I happen to make
these four things really well.

917
00:31:35,610 --> 00:31:37,160
So, that's part of my research.

918
00:31:37,160 --> 00:31:39,010
What else?

919
00:31:39,010 --> 00:31:41,700
What else might we
look to, to help us

920
00:31:41,700 --> 00:31:45,235
with planning a date for Jackie?

921
00:31:45,235 --> 00:31:47,490
AUDIENCE: Whether he or
she is vegetarian or not.

922
00:31:47,490 --> 00:31:49,930
BLADE KOTELLY: Whether the
date is vegetarian or not

923
00:31:49,930 --> 00:31:50,640
could inform us.

924
00:31:50,640 --> 00:31:53,396
So some market research.

925
00:31:53,396 --> 00:31:55,730
AUDIENCE: What
kind of date it is.

926
00:31:55,730 --> 00:31:57,250
BLADE KOTELLY: Ah,
the kind of date.

927
00:31:57,250 --> 00:31:58,550
We're going back to step one.

928
00:31:58,550 --> 00:32:00,028
Tell me about this.

929
00:32:00,028 --> 00:32:03,688
AUDIENCE: It could be a very
important occasion as far as

930
00:32:03,688 --> 00:32:04,420
like engagement.

931
00:32:04,420 --> 00:32:05,890
Or it might be
like a first date.

932
00:32:05,890 --> 00:32:07,710
BLADE KOTELLY: A first
date, an engagement.

933
00:32:07,710 --> 00:32:09,270
And they might be different.

934
00:32:09,270 --> 00:32:15,260
So the first date may not have
caviar and a diamond ring.

935
00:32:15,260 --> 00:32:15,853
It might.

936
00:32:20,540 --> 00:32:22,770
Might be pushing it
a little bit much,

937
00:32:22,770 --> 00:32:25,830
if you want the date to
go more than five minutes.

938
00:32:25,830 --> 00:32:26,330
OK.

939
00:32:26,330 --> 00:32:28,210
So, yes.

940
00:32:28,210 --> 00:32:33,138
So first day and an anniversary
date might be very different.

941
00:32:33,138 --> 00:32:35,450
AUDIENCE: What tools
you have to cook with?

942
00:32:35,450 --> 00:32:36,180
BLADE KOTELLY: Tools
you have to cook with.

943
00:32:36,180 --> 00:32:36,960
Yes.

944
00:32:36,960 --> 00:32:38,835
I might put that again
under planned research

945
00:32:38,835 --> 00:32:41,022
but information phase as well.

946
00:32:41,022 --> 00:32:42,480
AUDIENCE: What
Jackie likes to eat.

947
00:32:42,480 --> 00:32:44,563
BLADE KOTELLY: Ah, yes,
what you want to yourself.

948
00:32:44,563 --> 00:32:50,240
Jackie enjoys pasta
and hates hamburgers.

949
00:32:50,240 --> 00:32:55,530
What about some resources that
are available for research?

950
00:32:55,530 --> 00:32:56,490
Ann.

951
00:32:56,490 --> 00:32:58,156
AUDIENCE: You can get a cookbook
to see what types of foods

952
00:32:58,156 --> 00:32:58,940
go well together.

953
00:32:58,940 --> 00:32:59,981
BLADE KOTELLY: Cookbooks.

954
00:32:59,981 --> 00:33:00,750
Absolutely.

955
00:33:00,750 --> 00:33:02,290
And she said to
look at cookbooks

956
00:33:02,290 --> 00:33:04,460
to see what kinds of
foods go well together.

957
00:33:04,460 --> 00:33:07,510
Most cookbooks
don't tell you this.

958
00:33:07,510 --> 00:33:09,470
Interestingly, most
cookbooks tell you

959
00:33:09,470 --> 00:33:11,850
how to cook a specific
dish, but don't tell you

960
00:33:11,850 --> 00:33:13,370
what to cook it with.

961
00:33:13,370 --> 00:33:15,350
Some very good cookbooks do.

962
00:33:15,350 --> 00:33:17,510
I recommend Mark Bittman
if you're cooking

963
00:33:17,510 --> 00:33:18,546
and you're in college.

964
00:33:18,546 --> 00:33:20,920
It's a great cookbook and
tells you what to pair with it.

965
00:33:24,110 --> 00:33:25,212
What did you say?

966
00:33:25,212 --> 00:33:26,170
I heard something else.

967
00:33:26,170 --> 00:33:26,710
AUDIENCE: The internet.

968
00:33:26,710 --> 00:33:27,340
BLADE KOTELLY: The internet.

969
00:33:27,340 --> 00:33:27,980
Absolutely.

970
00:33:27,980 --> 00:33:31,350
And what might we Google?

971
00:33:31,350 --> 00:33:34,300
AUDIENCE: The price of
stuff at stores, recipes,

972
00:33:34,300 --> 00:33:35,857
what goes good with
it, everything.

973
00:33:35,857 --> 00:33:37,940
BLADE KOTELLY: So we have
we have recipes we could

974
00:33:37,940 --> 00:33:39,890
Google, the price of
stuff at the store.

975
00:33:39,890 --> 00:33:42,420
Let's bring up Google
for a second here.

976
00:33:45,300 --> 00:33:47,330
OK.

977
00:33:47,330 --> 00:33:50,300
So, let's bring this over
and type in, price of stuff

978
00:33:50,300 --> 00:33:52,540
at the store.

979
00:33:52,540 --> 00:33:54,819
Just slide it over-- Great.

980
00:33:54,819 --> 00:33:56,985
And slide it over to the
right a little bit, please.

981
00:33:56,985 --> 00:33:59,460
[LAUGHTER]

982
00:34:04,920 --> 00:34:05,510
Jackie.

983
00:34:05,510 --> 00:34:07,510
Do you like beer?

984
00:34:07,510 --> 00:34:09,210
Like beer, Jackie?

985
00:34:09,210 --> 00:34:11,989
Because if you do, this is
a great thing to Google?

986
00:34:11,989 --> 00:34:13,260
OK.

987
00:34:13,260 --> 00:34:15,929
What else might we Google?

988
00:34:15,929 --> 00:34:17,250
Thomas.

989
00:34:17,250 --> 00:34:19,549
AUDIENCE: What does
my date like to eat?

990
00:34:19,549 --> 00:34:22,420
BLADE KOTELLY: Let's Google
what does my date like to eat?

991
00:34:22,420 --> 00:34:25,870
On the board, 100 people
surveyed, top answers.

992
00:34:25,870 --> 00:34:29,689
10 foods you should never
eat on a first date.

993
00:34:29,689 --> 00:34:30,189
Phenomenal.

994
00:34:39,949 --> 00:34:41,440
The person's not
sure if they can

995
00:34:41,440 --> 00:34:44,290
eat chorizo that is still not
expired for another month.

996
00:34:44,290 --> 00:34:48,668
I'm glad they posted it on here
and it's the second result.

997
00:34:48,668 --> 00:34:51,624
What else should we Google?

998
00:34:51,624 --> 00:34:53,499
AUDIENCE: Delicious food
that's easy to cook.

999
00:34:56,972 --> 00:34:59,055
BLADE KOTELLY: Delicious
food that's easy to cook.

1000
00:35:03,280 --> 00:35:04,440
It's auto completing.

1001
00:35:04,440 --> 00:35:05,180
This is great.

1002
00:35:05,180 --> 00:35:09,920
Which I guess, John
has already been to.

1003
00:35:09,920 --> 00:35:12,050
John is in charge or
does a lot of work

1004
00:35:12,050 --> 00:35:14,050
with the food at his
fraternity house,

1005
00:35:14,050 --> 00:35:16,290
and that makes a lot of sense.

1006
00:35:16,290 --> 00:35:18,290
What else might
we Google for what

1007
00:35:18,290 --> 00:35:20,410
you should cook on a first date.

1008
00:35:20,410 --> 00:35:25,880
How about, what should
I cook on a first date?

1009
00:35:25,880 --> 00:35:27,520
I have no idea what's
going to come up.

1010
00:35:27,520 --> 00:35:29,235
AUDIENCE: Be careful.

1011
00:35:29,235 --> 00:35:30,574
Be careful.

1012
00:35:30,574 --> 00:35:32,990
BLADE KOTELLY: Actually, go
back to what should I cook on.

1013
00:35:32,990 --> 00:35:35,340
Let's go back to what
should I cook on.

1014
00:35:35,340 --> 00:35:37,290
And hit space.

1015
00:35:37,290 --> 00:35:40,950
A, letter A. Romantic
dinner, first date, and date

1016
00:35:40,950 --> 00:35:47,949
come up at the top three
suggestions by Google.

1017
00:35:47,949 --> 00:35:48,740
That's pretty cool.

1018
00:35:48,740 --> 00:35:50,601
OK, let's go back to
that slide, please.

1019
00:35:50,601 --> 00:35:51,100
Yes.

1020
00:35:51,100 --> 00:35:53,057
So this is pretty cool.

1021
00:35:53,057 --> 00:35:54,640
OK, we're getting a
lot of information

1022
00:35:54,640 --> 00:35:55,556
right now from Google.

1023
00:35:59,070 --> 00:36:02,460
And we're up here to
stakeholder phase now.

1024
00:36:02,460 --> 00:36:03,980
Who are the
stakeholders involved?

1025
00:36:03,980 --> 00:36:04,860
AUDIENCE: Jackie.

1026
00:36:04,860 --> 00:36:06,620
BLADE KOTELLY: Jackie.

1027
00:36:06,620 --> 00:36:07,482
Who else?

1028
00:36:07,482 --> 00:36:08,297
AUDIENCE: Her date.

1029
00:36:08,297 --> 00:36:09,670
BLADE KOTELLY: Her date.

1030
00:36:09,670 --> 00:36:12,097
Who else might be
stakeholders involved?

1031
00:36:12,097 --> 00:36:13,430
AUDIENCE: People that sell food.

1032
00:36:13,430 --> 00:36:15,471
BLADE KOTELLY: People that
sell food, absolutely.

1033
00:36:15,471 --> 00:36:16,206
Yes.

1034
00:36:16,206 --> 00:36:17,192
AUDIENCE: Her parents.

1035
00:36:17,192 --> 00:36:19,170
BLADE KOTELLY: Her parents.

1036
00:36:19,170 --> 00:36:22,760
If they don't like
Jackie's date at all.

1037
00:36:22,760 --> 00:36:24,700
Make the pineapple upside cake.

1038
00:36:24,700 --> 00:36:26,150
But mom, I can't make that.

1039
00:36:26,150 --> 00:36:27,041
Make the--

1040
00:36:29,730 --> 00:36:32,230
AUDIENCE: Maybe anybody that
shares the kitchen with Jackie.

1041
00:36:32,230 --> 00:36:33,370
People sharing the kitchen.

1042
00:36:33,370 --> 00:36:34,420
There could be
other stakeholders

1043
00:36:34,420 --> 00:36:36,330
because maybe Jackie
lives with other people.

1044
00:36:36,330 --> 00:36:39,122
And she's like, hey can you
be out of the kitchen tonight?

1045
00:36:39,122 --> 00:36:41,080
I'm Like, no, I've got
a really important date.

1046
00:36:41,080 --> 00:36:42,680
I'm making dinner.

1047
00:36:42,680 --> 00:36:46,488
Two people making dinner
dates at the same time.

1048
00:36:46,488 --> 00:36:47,792
BLADE KOTELLY: OK.

1049
00:36:47,792 --> 00:36:48,500
Planned research.

1050
00:36:48,500 --> 00:36:50,610
What could we be limited by?

1051
00:36:50,610 --> 00:36:53,020
What could Jackie be limited by?

1052
00:36:53,020 --> 00:36:53,927
AUDIENCE: Cost.

1053
00:36:53,927 --> 00:36:54,760
BLADE KOTELLY: Cost.

1054
00:36:54,760 --> 00:36:55,260
Right.

1055
00:36:55,260 --> 00:36:58,690
So maybe the beluga
caviar is prohibitively

1056
00:36:58,690 --> 00:37:00,650
expensive for the date.

1057
00:37:00,650 --> 00:37:01,495
Daniel.

1058
00:37:01,495 --> 00:37:01,960
AUDIENCE: Experience.

1059
00:37:01,960 --> 00:37:03,043
BLADE KOTELLY: Experience.

1060
00:37:03,043 --> 00:37:03,980
Cooking experience.

1061
00:37:03,980 --> 00:37:07,310
I can boil water but I
can't make a bechamel sauce.

1062
00:37:07,310 --> 00:37:07,810
OK.

1063
00:37:07,810 --> 00:37:08,644
AUDIENCE: Equipment.

1064
00:37:08,644 --> 00:37:09,685
BLADE KOTELLY: Equipment.

1065
00:37:09,685 --> 00:37:10,350
Yes.

1066
00:37:10,350 --> 00:37:15,150
I have a pot to boil water
in but do not own a toaster.

1067
00:37:15,150 --> 00:37:16,240
Making toast is harder.

1068
00:37:16,240 --> 00:37:17,390
Not impossible, but harder.

1069
00:37:21,290 --> 00:37:21,790
Yes.

1070
00:37:21,790 --> 00:37:22,620
AUDIENCE: Time.

1071
00:37:22,620 --> 00:37:24,340
BLADE KOTELLY: Time.

1072
00:37:24,340 --> 00:37:26,210
Oh my god, the date's
in half an hour.

1073
00:37:26,210 --> 00:37:27,930
I haven't started dinner.

1074
00:37:27,930 --> 00:37:31,312
I haven't been to the store.

1075
00:37:31,312 --> 00:37:32,020
Calling Dominoes.

1076
00:37:32,020 --> 00:37:33,700
OK.

1077
00:37:33,700 --> 00:37:36,765
What else could
you be limited by.

1078
00:37:36,765 --> 00:37:38,670
AUDIENCE: Her date's
dietary restrictions.

1079
00:37:38,670 --> 00:37:40,590
BLADE KOTELLY: Yes, and
I like that, actually,

1080
00:37:40,590 --> 00:37:42,700
dietary restrictions
in that phase.

1081
00:37:42,700 --> 00:37:43,986
Stephanie.

1082
00:37:43,986 --> 00:37:45,360
AUDIENCE: Ingredients that
you can't find at the store.

1083
00:37:45,360 --> 00:37:46,140
BLADE KOTELLY: Ah,
yes, ingredients

1084
00:37:46,140 --> 00:37:46,860
that you can't
find at the store.

1085
00:37:46,860 --> 00:37:49,610
So sometimes certain-- you
have to go to special markets

1086
00:37:49,610 --> 00:37:52,220
to find certain kinds of special
spices or something else.

1087
00:37:52,220 --> 00:37:54,210
And if you can't get
that at your local store,

1088
00:37:54,210 --> 00:37:56,330
then you may not be
able to get it all.

1089
00:37:56,330 --> 00:38:00,741
Or maybe you have to fly it in
or mail order it or something.

1090
00:38:00,741 --> 00:38:01,240
OK.

1091
00:38:01,240 --> 00:38:03,820
This is good.

1092
00:38:03,820 --> 00:38:04,650
Hazard analysis.

1093
00:38:07,280 --> 00:38:15,110
What could go wrong when cooking
dinner for a romantic evening?

1094
00:38:15,110 --> 00:38:16,640
Rod in the back.

1095
00:38:16,640 --> 00:38:18,480
AUDIENCE: Allergies,
food poisoning.

1096
00:38:18,480 --> 00:38:20,440
BLADE KOTELLY: Allergies
and food poisoning.

1097
00:38:20,440 --> 00:38:23,970
Should she cook the chorizo?

1098
00:38:23,970 --> 00:38:25,490
I don't know.

1099
00:38:25,490 --> 00:38:27,910
Looks kinda iffy.

1100
00:38:27,910 --> 00:38:29,697
Allergies, yes.

1101
00:38:29,697 --> 00:38:30,821
AUDIENCE: Faulty equipment.

1102
00:38:30,821 --> 00:38:32,370
If you have a bad stove.

1103
00:38:32,370 --> 00:38:33,870
BLADE KOTELLY: Yes,
faulty equipment

1104
00:38:33,870 --> 00:38:37,510
could cause a fire or something.

1105
00:38:37,510 --> 00:38:39,432
That's really bad.

1106
00:38:39,432 --> 00:38:42,170
AUDIENCE: Setting the
entire chicken on fire.

1107
00:38:42,170 --> 00:38:44,503
BLADE KOTELLY: He sounds like
he speaks from experience.

1108
00:38:47,152 --> 00:38:49,390
AUDIENCE: Personal injury.

1109
00:38:49,390 --> 00:38:50,390
BLADE KOTELLY: Personal?

1110
00:38:50,390 --> 00:38:50,790
AUDIENCE: Injury.

1111
00:38:50,790 --> 00:38:52,040
BLADE KOTELLY: Injury, yes.

1112
00:38:52,040 --> 00:38:55,510
So when cutting onions,
look at the onion

1113
00:38:55,510 --> 00:38:57,410
and don't try to make cool eyes.

1114
00:38:57,410 --> 00:38:59,370
Stop.

1115
00:38:59,370 --> 00:39:04,494
Bleeding is not considered cool
on a date if you can avoid it.

1116
00:39:04,494 --> 00:39:06,360
AUDIENCE: Quantity of food.

1117
00:39:06,360 --> 00:39:09,500
BLADE KOTELLY: Yes, quantity
of food, absolutely.

1118
00:39:09,500 --> 00:39:12,450
This is a very real issue
that really happens on dates.

1119
00:39:12,450 --> 00:39:14,700
I'll tell you a story when
I'm not on camera sometime.

1120
00:39:17,990 --> 00:39:20,122
AUDIENCE: Your date
doesn't show up.

1121
00:39:20,122 --> 00:39:21,080
BLADE KOTELLY: Oh, yes.

1122
00:39:25,540 --> 00:39:28,060
She's not speaking
from experience.

1123
00:39:28,060 --> 00:39:30,290
But yes, the date
doesn't show up.

1124
00:39:30,290 --> 00:39:31,470
That is sad.

1125
00:39:31,470 --> 00:39:32,694
That can be a very sad thing.

1126
00:39:32,694 --> 00:39:34,610
AUDIENCE: Or you have a
pset due the next day.

1127
00:39:34,610 --> 00:39:37,350
BLADE KOTELLY: Or you have
pset due the next day.

1128
00:39:37,350 --> 00:39:42,180
Not a good day for
a romantic evening.

1129
00:39:42,180 --> 00:39:44,300
What else?

1130
00:39:44,300 --> 00:39:46,009
AUDIENCE: Forgetting
to set a timer.

1131
00:39:46,009 --> 00:39:46,800
BLADE KOTELLY: Yes.

1132
00:39:46,800 --> 00:39:49,810
That's an easy thing to go
wrong-- not setting timers.

1133
00:39:49,810 --> 00:39:50,620
Yes.

1134
00:39:50,620 --> 00:39:52,445
In fact, yesterday I
did not set a timer.

1135
00:39:52,445 --> 00:39:54,910
I put a thermometer
inside the chicken

1136
00:39:54,910 --> 00:39:58,640
and I said, great, when
the thermometer reads 162,

1137
00:39:58,640 --> 00:40:00,580
I'm going to pull the
chicken out, no problem.

1138
00:40:00,580 --> 00:40:03,940
I proceeded to enjoy the company
my friends and drink the wine

1139
00:40:03,940 --> 00:40:07,170
and went, oh my god, came
back over here, went oh, 175.

1140
00:40:07,170 --> 00:40:07,670
Darn it.

1141
00:40:07,670 --> 00:40:08,040
Yes.

1142
00:40:08,040 --> 00:40:09,190
I should have set a timer.

1143
00:40:09,190 --> 00:40:12,560
That would have been helpful.

1144
00:40:12,560 --> 00:40:14,168
AUDIENCE: Unlabeled
food ingredients,

1145
00:40:14,168 --> 00:40:16,513
such as salt and sugar.

1146
00:40:19,800 --> 00:40:22,840
BLADE KOTELLY: Confusing
two similar in appearance

1147
00:40:22,840 --> 00:40:25,340
ingredients like salt and sugar.

1148
00:40:25,340 --> 00:40:29,010
Thomas sounds like he speaks
from experience in this one.

1149
00:40:29,010 --> 00:40:30,570
Yes.

1150
00:40:30,570 --> 00:40:32,650
Not so good in
coffee, salty coffee.

1151
00:40:32,650 --> 00:40:36,286
But I believe popular
in some places.

1152
00:40:36,286 --> 00:40:39,189
AUDIENCE: [INAUDIBLE]

1153
00:40:39,189 --> 00:40:40,230
BLADE KOTELLY: I'm sorry?

1154
00:40:40,230 --> 00:40:41,720
AUDIENCE: Fire drills.

1155
00:40:41,720 --> 00:40:43,421
BLADE KOTELLY: Fire drills.

1156
00:40:43,421 --> 00:40:45,670
Something's that are a little
bit beyond your control.

1157
00:40:45,670 --> 00:40:46,170
OK.

1158
00:40:46,170 --> 00:40:46,870
So this is good.

1159
00:40:46,870 --> 00:40:48,200
Good hazard analysis for that.

1160
00:40:48,200 --> 00:40:49,280
Specifications.

1161
00:40:49,280 --> 00:40:51,613
From there, we try to figure
out what we're going to do.

1162
00:40:51,613 --> 00:40:53,000
We might make a shopping list.

1163
00:40:53,000 --> 00:40:55,400
We might make a list of what
we're doing for the recipes.

1164
00:40:55,400 --> 00:40:56,690
We go on to design it.

1165
00:40:56,690 --> 00:40:59,930
And then we have to figure
out, do people like it or not?

1166
00:40:59,930 --> 00:41:02,100
Verification.

1167
00:41:02,100 --> 00:41:05,200
How do we test to figure out
if people are going to like it

1168
00:41:05,200 --> 00:41:07,556
or not?

1169
00:41:07,556 --> 00:41:08,056
Ben.

1170
00:41:08,056 --> 00:41:10,426
AUDIENCE: Take a small bite.

1171
00:41:10,426 --> 00:41:11,800
BLADE KOTELLY:
Take a small bite.

1172
00:41:11,800 --> 00:41:13,525
Take many small bites.

1173
00:41:13,525 --> 00:41:14,900
Over the course
of the meal, they

1174
00:41:14,900 --> 00:41:18,100
say a good cook keeps tasting
it before you serve it.

1175
00:41:18,100 --> 00:41:19,998
What else could you do?

1176
00:41:19,998 --> 00:41:21,690
AUDIENCE: Get someone
else to taste it.

1177
00:41:21,690 --> 00:41:24,530
BLADE KOTELLY: Get someone
else to taste it, yes.

1178
00:41:24,530 --> 00:41:25,030
When?

1179
00:41:25,030 --> 00:41:27,410
Do you say, psst, come over
here, John, come over here,

1180
00:41:27,410 --> 00:41:29,850
I'm about to serve it to Jackie.

1181
00:41:29,850 --> 00:41:30,400
No, when?

1182
00:41:30,400 --> 00:41:31,453
At the time?

1183
00:41:31,453 --> 00:41:32,300
AUDIENCE: Earlier.

1184
00:41:32,300 --> 00:41:32,990
BLADE KOTELLY: Earlier.

1185
00:41:32,990 --> 00:41:33,698
How much earlier?

1186
00:41:33,698 --> 00:41:35,046
An hour?

1187
00:41:35,046 --> 00:41:37,452
AUDIENCE: Enough so you
have time to fix it.

1188
00:41:37,452 --> 00:41:39,660
BLADE KOTELLY: Enough time
so you could fix it later.

1189
00:41:39,660 --> 00:41:40,888
What else could you do?

1190
00:41:40,888 --> 00:41:44,585
AUDIENCE: Call mom and ask
if it's supposed to be brown.

1191
00:41:44,585 --> 00:41:45,960
BLADE KOTELLY:
Mom, the chorizo's

1192
00:41:45,960 --> 00:41:48,570
not looking very good.

1193
00:41:48,570 --> 00:41:49,470
Yeah.

1194
00:41:49,470 --> 00:41:51,621
Purple, green, yeah.

1195
00:41:51,621 --> 00:41:52,120
Use it?

1196
00:41:52,120 --> 00:41:52,620
OK.

1197
00:41:59,695 --> 00:42:01,278
AUDIENCE: You could,
if you wanted to,

1198
00:42:01,278 --> 00:42:03,202
do like a practice
dinner beforehand.

1199
00:42:03,202 --> 00:42:04,160
BLADE KOTELLY: Ah, yes.

1200
00:42:04,160 --> 00:42:05,660
A practice dinner beforehand.

1201
00:42:05,660 --> 00:42:07,910
Let's see if you can make
this stuff and how it tastes

1202
00:42:07,910 --> 00:42:08,875
and if you like it.

1203
00:42:08,875 --> 00:42:09,750
That's exactly right.

1204
00:42:09,750 --> 00:42:10,250
OK.

1205
00:42:10,250 --> 00:42:13,115
So I've given you a design
process that I'll tell you,

1206
00:42:13,115 --> 00:42:15,804
you can use for making
anything-- anything you ever

1207
00:42:15,804 --> 00:42:18,220
make ever, ever, ever, ever,
ever, ever, ever, ever, ever,

1208
00:42:18,220 --> 00:42:20,961
ever, ever-- ever.

1209
00:42:20,961 --> 00:42:22,470
In all your engineering
disciplines,

1210
00:42:22,470 --> 00:42:25,010
you can use this exact
same process all the time

1211
00:42:25,010 --> 00:42:28,020
for anything you want to make.

1212
00:42:28,020 --> 00:42:29,896
We've got it to cooking dinner.

1213
00:42:29,896 --> 00:42:32,560
Let's have you try
it on your own.

1214
00:42:32,560 --> 00:42:35,360
Let's try this.

1215
00:42:35,360 --> 00:42:38,660
Here's your design challenge.

1216
00:42:38,660 --> 00:42:41,460
Map the steps of throwing a
surprise party for your best

1217
00:42:41,460 --> 00:42:41,960
friend.

1218
00:42:41,960 --> 00:42:43,760
You're going to map
the first five steps.

1219
00:42:43,760 --> 00:42:45,384
I want you to work
in groups of three--

1220
00:42:45,384 --> 00:42:47,290
the people in your vicinity.

1221
00:42:47,290 --> 00:42:50,990
I'm going to give you about
five minutes to do this.

1222
00:42:50,990 --> 00:42:52,870
First five steps as
completely as you

1223
00:42:52,870 --> 00:42:56,391
can to throwing a surprise
birthday party for your best

1224
00:42:56,391 --> 00:42:56,890
friend.

1225
00:42:56,890 --> 00:42:58,620
Here we go.

1226
00:42:58,620 --> 00:43:00,320
All right, so right
now the students

1227
00:43:00,320 --> 00:43:02,975
are trying to figure how to
map the steps to throwing

1228
00:43:02,975 --> 00:43:05,130
a surprise birthday party
for their best friend.

1229
00:43:05,130 --> 00:43:08,079
And they'll take about
five minutes to do this.

1230
00:43:08,079 --> 00:43:10,620
Over those give minutes, they'll
try to map each of the steps

1231
00:43:10,620 --> 00:43:11,525
individually.

1232
00:43:11,525 --> 00:43:14,810
And we're going to do a debrief
and figure out what they said.

1233
00:43:14,810 --> 00:43:17,010
But now, if you want to,
try doing it yourself

1234
00:43:17,010 --> 00:43:20,850
and see if you can come up
with a really good solution.

1235
00:43:20,850 --> 00:43:23,920
And see if they get some
ones that you don't get.

1236
00:43:30,940 --> 00:43:36,100
All right, let's find out what
you said to solve this problem.

1237
00:43:36,100 --> 00:43:39,000
So you've had five
minutes to try

1238
00:43:39,000 --> 00:43:41,580
to figure out how to
solve the first five

1239
00:43:41,580 --> 00:43:43,530
steps of this problem.

1240
00:43:43,530 --> 00:43:47,550
To figure out how to
throw a surprise birthday

1241
00:43:47,550 --> 00:43:48,840
party for your best friend.

1242
00:43:48,840 --> 00:43:53,574
What is the underlying problem
that we are trying to solve?

1243
00:43:53,574 --> 00:43:56,009
AUDIENCE: They don't have
plans for their birthday

1244
00:43:56,009 --> 00:43:57,470
and we want to make it awesome.

1245
00:43:57,470 --> 00:43:58,300
BLADE KOTELLY: She said we don't
have plans for the birthday,

1246
00:43:58,300 --> 00:43:59,870
and we're trying
to make it awesome.

1247
00:43:59,870 --> 00:44:02,440
Or they may have
plans for the birthday

1248
00:44:02,440 --> 00:44:05,350
and we're still trying
to make it awesome.

1249
00:44:05,350 --> 00:44:08,444
What are the other aspects
of the underlying problem?

1250
00:44:08,444 --> 00:44:09,770
AUDIENCE: It's a surprise.

1251
00:44:09,770 --> 00:44:11,620
BLADE KOTELLY: It
should be a surprise.

1252
00:44:11,620 --> 00:44:14,670
Stated in the problem
statement but also true.

1253
00:44:14,670 --> 00:44:16,950
What else?

1254
00:44:16,950 --> 00:44:19,249
Underlying problems,
underlying objectives.

1255
00:44:22,027 --> 00:44:24,900
AUDIENCE: Throw a fun party
for all those involved.

1256
00:44:24,900 --> 00:44:27,300
BLADE KOTELLY: To throw a
fun party for those involved.

1257
00:44:27,300 --> 00:44:29,258
Let's talk about those
involved-- who are they?

1258
00:44:29,258 --> 00:44:31,320
Anybody.

1259
00:44:31,320 --> 00:44:32,512
In the back.

1260
00:44:32,512 --> 00:44:34,720
AUDIENCE: And the actual
person whose birthday it is.

1261
00:44:34,720 --> 00:44:36,220
BLADE KOTELLY: And
the actual person

1262
00:44:36,220 --> 00:44:37,570
whose birthday it is, yes.

1263
00:44:37,570 --> 00:44:38,160
What else?

1264
00:44:41,660 --> 00:44:43,030
That's it?

1265
00:44:43,030 --> 00:44:45,419
No other reason to
throw a birthday party?

1266
00:44:45,419 --> 00:44:47,043
AUDIENCE: So that
you get one later on.

1267
00:44:47,043 --> 00:44:49,390
BLADE KOTELLY: Ah, it's for
you to get one later on.

1268
00:44:49,390 --> 00:44:52,925
In psychology, we call it
the reciprocity effect.

1269
00:44:52,925 --> 00:44:53,424
Good.

1270
00:44:53,424 --> 00:44:54,350
OK.

1271
00:44:54,350 --> 00:44:56,250
So, we've identified the needs.

1272
00:44:56,250 --> 00:44:57,120
Information phase.

1273
00:44:57,120 --> 00:45:01,480
What can inform us about how
to throw a surprise birthday

1274
00:45:01,480 --> 00:45:02,744
party?

1275
00:45:02,744 --> 00:45:04,160
AUDIENCE: How old
they're turning?

1276
00:45:04,160 --> 00:45:05,785
BLADE KOTELLY: How
old they're turning?

1277
00:45:05,785 --> 00:45:08,305
What do you mean by that?

1278
00:45:08,305 --> 00:45:11,990
AUDIENCE: Probably don't throw
a clown party for a 50-year-old.

1279
00:45:11,990 --> 00:45:15,077
BLADE KOTELLY: You don't throw
a clown party for a 50-year-old.

1280
00:45:15,077 --> 00:45:16,660
I happen to know
some 50-year-olds who

1281
00:45:16,660 --> 00:45:18,940
might enjoy that, but it'd
be kind of weird, right?

1282
00:45:18,940 --> 00:45:19,440
OK.

1283
00:45:19,440 --> 00:45:20,220
So maybe you do.

1284
00:45:20,220 --> 00:45:22,535
Gotta pick your
50-year-olds very carefully.

1285
00:45:22,535 --> 00:45:23,160
[? Affinity? ?]

1286
00:45:23,160 --> 00:45:24,664
AUDIENCE: When
their birthday is.

1287
00:45:24,664 --> 00:45:25,900
When their birthday is.

1288
00:45:25,900 --> 00:45:26,630
BLADE KOTELLY: When
their birthday is

1289
00:45:26,630 --> 00:45:28,248
would inform it, absolutely.

1290
00:45:28,248 --> 00:45:29,789
AUDIENCE: Just a
quick question, does

1291
00:45:29,789 --> 00:45:33,459
surprise party automatically
mean it's a birthday party?

1292
00:45:33,459 --> 00:45:35,500
BLADE KOTELLY: This is a
surprise birthday party.

1293
00:45:35,500 --> 00:45:36,600
I'm sorry, yes.

1294
00:45:36,600 --> 00:45:38,149
In this case it did.

1295
00:45:38,149 --> 00:45:39,440
I didn't put that on the slide.

1296
00:45:39,440 --> 00:45:42,010
Yes, you're right.

1297
00:45:42,010 --> 00:45:43,350
AUDIENCE: When they're free.

1298
00:45:43,350 --> 00:45:44,840
BLADE KOTELLY: When they're free
would influence it, absolutely.

1299
00:45:44,840 --> 00:45:47,480
What else can inform us about
throwing a surprise birthday

1300
00:45:47,480 --> 00:45:48,318
party?

1301
00:45:48,318 --> 00:45:50,270
AUDIENCE: If they
like surprises or not.

1302
00:45:50,270 --> 00:45:52,250
BLADE KOTELLY: If they
like surprises or not

1303
00:45:52,250 --> 00:45:53,770
absolutely will
inform us about how

1304
00:45:53,770 --> 00:45:56,702
to throw a surprise birthday
party for someone who

1305
00:45:56,702 --> 00:45:58,496
doesn't like surprises.

1306
00:45:58,496 --> 00:46:00,190
AUDIENCE: What they like to do.

1307
00:46:00,190 --> 00:46:01,180
BLADE KOTELLY: What
they like to do.

1308
00:46:01,180 --> 00:46:01,679
For example?

1309
00:46:04,310 --> 00:46:08,674
AUDIENCE: If they like to
go out bowling or something,

1310
00:46:08,674 --> 00:46:10,450
you can throw a
surprise birthday party.

1311
00:46:10,450 --> 00:46:11,324
BLADE KOTELLY: Right.

1312
00:46:11,324 --> 00:46:14,200
To appeal to their
hobbies and likes.

1313
00:46:14,200 --> 00:46:14,700
Great.

1314
00:46:14,700 --> 00:46:15,512
What else?

1315
00:46:15,512 --> 00:46:16,840
AUDIENCE: What kind
of friends they have.

1316
00:46:16,840 --> 00:46:18,756
BLADE KOTELLY: What kind
of friends they have.

1317
00:46:18,756 --> 00:46:19,674
How do you mean that?

1318
00:46:19,674 --> 00:46:22,381
AUDIENCE: It informs who we're
going to invite to the party.

1319
00:46:22,381 --> 00:46:24,630
BLADE KOTELLY: Informs who
we're going to invite, yes.

1320
00:46:24,630 --> 00:46:26,629
AUDIENCE: Size and nature
of the social circles.

1321
00:46:26,629 --> 00:46:29,280
So you could have small
gatherings or big gatherings.

1322
00:46:29,280 --> 00:46:30,071
BLADE KOTELLY: Yes.

1323
00:46:30,071 --> 00:46:31,550
So how big the party should be.

1324
00:46:31,550 --> 00:46:33,570
What else could inform us?

1325
00:46:33,570 --> 00:46:35,820
AUDIENCE: Past parties
that you have been to.

1326
00:46:35,820 --> 00:46:36,740
BLADE KOTELLY: Past
parties you've been to.

1327
00:46:36,740 --> 00:46:39,323
Personal experience, where you
say, this was an awesome party.

1328
00:46:39,323 --> 00:46:42,380
This party sucked-- we are not
going to do one of those again.

1329
00:46:42,380 --> 00:46:42,880
Right.

1330
00:46:42,880 --> 00:46:46,250
Absolutely, past experience
is hugely important.

1331
00:46:46,250 --> 00:46:48,042
AUDIENCE: What can you
do to distract them?

1332
00:46:48,042 --> 00:46:50,041
BLADE KOTELLY: What can
you do to distract them.

1333
00:46:50,041 --> 00:46:50,722
How do you mean?

1334
00:46:50,722 --> 00:46:52,722
AUDIENCE: You have to
trick them into showing up

1335
00:46:52,722 --> 00:46:55,150
in a room full of
people at some point.

1336
00:46:55,150 --> 00:46:56,140
You need a plan.

1337
00:46:56,140 --> 00:46:57,640
BLADE KOTELLY: You
need a plan, yes.

1338
00:46:57,640 --> 00:46:58,200
OK, good.

1339
00:46:58,200 --> 00:47:00,533
So that's information phase
that can inform us about it.

1340
00:47:00,533 --> 00:47:02,484
But we forgot one of
our most valuable tools

1341
00:47:02,484 --> 00:47:03,650
that we talked about before.

1342
00:47:03,650 --> 00:47:04,594
AUDIENCE: Google.

1343
00:47:04,594 --> 00:47:05,510
BLADE KOTELLY: Google!

1344
00:47:05,510 --> 00:47:06,510
And what might you Google?

1345
00:47:06,510 --> 00:47:07,885
AUDIENCE: How to
throw a surprise

1346
00:47:07,885 --> 00:47:09,010
party. [INTERPOSING VOICES]

1347
00:47:09,010 --> 00:47:10,885
BLADE KOTELLY: How to
throw a surprise party.

1348
00:47:10,885 --> 00:47:12,590
And do you think
you'd get any results?

1349
00:47:12,590 --> 00:47:13,560
A ton.

1350
00:47:13,560 --> 00:47:15,129
You'd get a ton.

1351
00:47:15,129 --> 00:47:17,170
Google has all the
information that would appear.

1352
00:47:17,170 --> 00:47:18,000
OK.

1353
00:47:18,000 --> 00:47:19,070
Stakeholder phase.

1354
00:47:19,070 --> 00:47:21,345
Who are the primary
stakeholders?

1355
00:47:21,345 --> 00:47:22,397
AUDIENCE: Guest of honor.

1356
00:47:22,397 --> 00:47:23,647
BLADE KOTELLY: Guest of honor.

1357
00:47:23,647 --> 00:47:24,960
AUDIENCE: Everyone invited.

1358
00:47:24,960 --> 00:47:26,969
BLADE KOTELLY: Everyone invited.

1359
00:47:26,969 --> 00:47:28,270
AUDIENCE: You.

1360
00:47:28,270 --> 00:47:29,520
BLADE KOTELLY: You.

1361
00:47:29,520 --> 00:47:30,971
Who are secondary stakeholders?

1362
00:47:30,971 --> 00:47:33,220
AUDIENCE: People who live
in the place you're hosting.

1363
00:47:33,220 --> 00:47:34,636
BLADE KOTELLY: The
many people who

1364
00:47:34,636 --> 00:47:36,160
live in the place
you're hosting,

1365
00:47:36,160 --> 00:47:40,010
the neighbors that call
the cops all the time,

1366
00:47:40,010 --> 00:47:43,070
and therefore the cops
are also stakeholders.

1367
00:47:43,070 --> 00:47:45,110
OK.

1368
00:47:45,110 --> 00:47:46,990
Planned research,
operational research.

1369
00:47:46,990 --> 00:47:48,800
What are we limited by?

1370
00:47:48,800 --> 00:47:49,790
AUDIENCE: Money.

1371
00:47:49,790 --> 00:47:50,700
BLADE KOTELLY: Money!

1372
00:47:50,700 --> 00:47:51,200
Great.

1373
00:47:51,200 --> 00:47:52,658
So if we don't have
a lot of money,

1374
00:47:52,658 --> 00:47:54,057
we can't buy the expensive beer.

1375
00:47:54,057 --> 00:47:55,428
What else?

1376
00:47:55,428 --> 00:47:57,090
AUDIENCE: Again, time.

1377
00:47:57,090 --> 00:47:58,024
BLADE KOTELLY: Time.

1378
00:47:58,024 --> 00:47:58,940
When's their birthday?

1379
00:47:58,940 --> 00:47:59,710
Tomorrow.

1380
00:47:59,710 --> 00:48:00,310
No way.

1381
00:48:00,310 --> 00:48:01,700
Tomorrow.

1382
00:48:01,700 --> 00:48:03,316
What am I going to do?

1383
00:48:03,316 --> 00:48:05,440
Going to throw a surprise
birthday party in one day

1384
00:48:05,440 --> 00:48:06,640
is going to be
really hard to do.

1385
00:48:06,640 --> 00:48:06,685
Right.

1386
00:48:06,685 --> 00:48:07,185
OK.

1387
00:48:07,185 --> 00:48:08,760
How much time do have exactly.

1388
00:48:08,760 --> 00:48:09,628
What else?

1389
00:48:09,628 --> 00:48:11,380
AUDIENCE: Your best
friend's schedule.

1390
00:48:11,380 --> 00:48:13,171
BLADE KOTELLY: Your
best friend's schedule.

1391
00:48:13,171 --> 00:48:14,780
Yes, because they
could be traveling

1392
00:48:14,780 --> 00:48:18,690
or our of the country or working
night shifts or something

1393
00:48:18,690 --> 00:48:20,210
like that, right.

1394
00:48:20,210 --> 00:48:22,450
OK.

1395
00:48:22,450 --> 00:48:27,830
What can go wrong at a
surprise birthday party

1396
00:48:27,830 --> 00:48:29,140
for your best friend?

1397
00:48:29,140 --> 00:48:30,292
Veronica.

1398
00:48:30,292 --> 00:48:31,860
AUDIENCE: The person
doesn't show up.

1399
00:48:31,860 --> 00:48:33,610
BLADE KOTELLY: The
person doesn't show up.

1400
00:48:33,610 --> 00:48:34,800
Absolutely.

1401
00:48:34,800 --> 00:48:35,592
David.

1402
00:48:35,592 --> 00:48:37,300
AUDIENCE: Person finds
out ahead of time.

1403
00:48:37,300 --> 00:48:39,919
BLADE KOTELLY: The person
finds out ahead of time.

1404
00:48:39,919 --> 00:48:41,460
AUDIENCE: None of
the guests show up.

1405
00:48:41,460 --> 00:48:43,360
BLADE KOTELLY: None
of the guests show up.

1406
00:48:43,360 --> 00:48:45,525
It's you and the person,
you're like, surprise.

1407
00:48:48,792 --> 00:48:50,650
AUDIENCE: Going
back to the cops.

1408
00:48:50,650 --> 00:48:52,233
BLADE KOTELLY: Going
back to the cops.

1409
00:48:52,233 --> 00:48:52,940
AUDIENCE: Having them come.

1410
00:48:52,940 --> 00:48:54,439
BLADE KOTELLY:
Having the cops come.

1411
00:48:54,439 --> 00:48:55,060
Yes.

1412
00:48:55,060 --> 00:48:55,860
Ben.

1413
00:48:55,860 --> 00:48:58,319
AUDIENCE: If you scare
them into heart attack.

1414
00:48:58,319 --> 00:48:59,110
BLADE KOTELLY: Yes.

1415
00:48:59,110 --> 00:49:00,800
You don't want to
scare your friend

1416
00:49:00,800 --> 00:49:02,250
if they have a heart condition.

1417
00:49:02,250 --> 00:49:04,242
That's good.

1418
00:49:04,242 --> 00:49:05,200
Cameron was that yours?

1419
00:49:05,200 --> 00:49:06,390
AUDIENCE: Yeah, weather.

1420
00:49:06,390 --> 00:49:07,960
BLADE KOTELLY: Weather.

1421
00:49:07,960 --> 00:49:10,870
So don't have an
outdoor party when

1422
00:49:10,870 --> 00:49:14,030
it's going to be threatening
to have a thunderstorm.

1423
00:49:14,030 --> 00:49:17,830
Or in January in Boston.

1424
00:49:17,830 --> 00:49:21,430
Not a good time for an
outdoor barbecue-- just isn't.

1425
00:49:21,430 --> 00:49:22,612
Kristen.

1426
00:49:22,612 --> 00:49:25,196
AUDIENCE: You accidentally send
someone to the wrong location.

1427
00:49:25,196 --> 00:49:27,653
BLADE KOTELLY: Ah, yes, someone
goes to the wrong location.

1428
00:49:27,653 --> 00:49:29,011
Thomas.

1429
00:49:29,011 --> 00:49:30,647
AUDIENCE: You have
invited some people

1430
00:49:30,647 --> 00:49:33,382
that your friend is
on bad terms with.

1431
00:49:33,382 --> 00:49:34,340
BLADE KOTELLY: Ah, yes.

1432
00:49:34,340 --> 00:49:37,764
The old ex-girlfriend issue.

1433
00:49:37,764 --> 00:49:38,930
I thought you were together.

1434
00:49:38,930 --> 00:49:40,030
We haven't been
together for months.

1435
00:49:40,030 --> 00:49:40,821
I didn't know that.

1436
00:49:47,430 --> 00:49:48,920
So I'll tell you a little story.

1437
00:49:52,310 --> 00:49:56,230
So my best friend
in high school--

1438
00:49:56,230 --> 00:49:57,950
we're best friends
and I'm throwing

1439
00:49:57,950 --> 00:49:59,920
him a surprise birthday party.

1440
00:49:59,920 --> 00:50:06,800
And my best friend was notorious
for not showing up to things.

1441
00:50:06,800 --> 00:50:09,180
You make plans a
week ahead of time,

1442
00:50:09,180 --> 00:50:10,920
you confirmed a few
days ahead of time,

1443
00:50:10,920 --> 00:50:13,770
it's Friday night-- ghost town.

1444
00:50:13,770 --> 00:50:14,570
Just not there.

1445
00:50:14,570 --> 00:50:16,230
And no one knows where he is.

1446
00:50:16,230 --> 00:50:17,990
He just was kind of casual.

1447
00:50:17,990 --> 00:50:19,760
This happened all the time.

1448
00:50:19,760 --> 00:50:21,630
And we all knew this.

1449
00:50:21,630 --> 00:50:25,590
I said, OK, I'm going to
make sure he shows up.

1450
00:50:25,590 --> 00:50:29,940
So I said, look-- he's
really into art and design--

1451
00:50:29,940 --> 00:50:33,280
there's this great exhibit
coming up for an M.C. Escher

1452
00:50:33,280 --> 00:50:35,170
thing they're doing at
this museum in Boston.

1453
00:50:35,170 --> 00:50:36,970
And there's someone
speaking and I'm

1454
00:50:36,970 --> 00:50:39,910
going to buy tickets
to it for your birthday

1455
00:50:39,910 --> 00:50:42,494
and they're really
expensive so can we

1456
00:50:42,494 --> 00:50:43,910
clear the date,
make sure it's OK.

1457
00:50:43,910 --> 00:50:44,951
He goes, yeah, it's fine.

1458
00:50:44,951 --> 00:50:46,270
Great.

1459
00:50:46,270 --> 00:50:48,650
So it's like two months out.

1460
00:50:48,650 --> 00:50:50,100
Two months.

1461
00:50:50,100 --> 00:50:52,414
So a month later, I'm
like hey, looking forward

1462
00:50:52,414 --> 00:50:53,330
to that exhibit thing?

1463
00:50:53,330 --> 00:50:54,197
He goes, oh, yeah.

1464
00:50:54,197 --> 00:50:55,530
Do you have it in your calendar?

1465
00:50:55,530 --> 00:50:56,696
I do have it in my calendar.

1466
00:50:56,696 --> 00:51:00,040
It's like the only thing
he had in his calendar.

1467
00:51:00,040 --> 00:51:01,950
It's good.

1468
00:51:01,950 --> 00:51:03,610
It's now like a week out.

1469
00:51:03,610 --> 00:51:04,210
Hey, dude.

1470
00:51:04,210 --> 00:51:07,300
Next Friday we're going to
the M.C. Escher exhibit.

1471
00:51:07,300 --> 00:51:07,810
Right on.

1472
00:51:07,810 --> 00:51:07,950
It's great.

1473
00:51:07,950 --> 00:51:08,600
Perfect.

1474
00:51:08,600 --> 00:51:10,710
It's Monday.

1475
00:51:10,710 --> 00:51:13,880
Hey, Friday night, we'll
get together like 6:00-ish,

1476
00:51:13,880 --> 00:51:15,630
we'll go and get some
dinner or something.

1477
00:51:15,630 --> 00:51:16,760
Then we'll go-- yeah
it sounds great.

1478
00:51:16,760 --> 00:51:17,260
Cool.

1479
00:51:17,260 --> 00:51:18,630
Great.

1480
00:51:18,630 --> 00:51:20,040
Wednesday.

1481
00:51:20,040 --> 00:51:21,027
Got two days.

1482
00:51:21,027 --> 00:51:21,610
Two days away!

1483
00:51:21,610 --> 00:51:21,970
Cool.

1484
00:51:21,970 --> 00:51:22,510
Right on.

1485
00:51:22,510 --> 00:51:23,050
Thursday.

1486
00:51:23,050 --> 00:51:23,550
Tomorrow!

1487
00:51:27,870 --> 00:51:30,280
Friday night, 6
o'clock, his house.

1488
00:51:30,280 --> 00:51:31,505
I go there, what happens?

1489
00:51:31,505 --> 00:51:32,651
AUDIENCE: He's not there.

1490
00:51:32,651 --> 00:51:33,900
BLADE KOTELLY: No, he's there.

1491
00:51:33,900 --> 00:51:34,470
It's amazing.

1492
00:51:38,100 --> 00:51:38,850
I'm blown away.

1493
00:51:38,850 --> 00:51:39,690
I'm like, he's actually there.

1494
00:51:39,690 --> 00:51:40,530
Incredibly cool.

1495
00:51:43,420 --> 00:51:44,870
So we do our whole thing.

1496
00:51:44,870 --> 00:51:46,119
We go.

1497
00:51:46,119 --> 00:51:46,910
We go to the thing.

1498
00:51:46,910 --> 00:51:47,701
We go to the house.

1499
00:51:47,701 --> 00:51:49,116
We walk inside, open the door.

1500
00:51:49,116 --> 00:51:50,490
I go around the
side of the door.

1501
00:51:50,490 --> 00:51:52,220
Everyone's waiting here.

1502
00:51:52,220 --> 00:51:55,921
He comes up around the door,
everyone goes, surprise!

1503
00:51:55,921 --> 00:51:58,732
And he's like, what?

1504
00:51:58,732 --> 00:52:00,690
I said, dude it's your
surprise birthday party.

1505
00:52:00,690 --> 00:52:01,860
Surprise!

1506
00:52:01,860 --> 00:52:06,470
And he's like, I thought we
were going to an exhibit.

1507
00:52:06,470 --> 00:52:07,580
No, no, that was all fake.

1508
00:52:07,580 --> 00:52:08,705
But you bought the tickets.

1509
00:52:08,705 --> 00:52:09,640
No, they're not real.

1510
00:52:09,640 --> 00:52:11,130
And he was sad.

1511
00:52:18,360 --> 00:52:25,120
What we learned from
our hazard analysis,

1512
00:52:25,120 --> 00:52:30,336
our post mortem, don't make
the other event sound more fun

1513
00:52:30,336 --> 00:52:33,150
than a surprise birthday party.

1514
00:52:33,150 --> 00:52:33,650
OK.

1515
00:52:37,060 --> 00:52:39,000
All true.

1516
00:52:39,000 --> 00:52:40,210
Next.

1517
00:52:40,210 --> 00:52:42,430
So, I've said you can
map this to anything.

1518
00:52:42,430 --> 00:52:43,850
Well, let's be a little
bit more serious here.

1519
00:52:43,850 --> 00:52:46,230
A little more serious about
the engineering aspect here.

1520
00:52:46,230 --> 00:52:50,230
You have four minutes
now to map it to this.

1521
00:52:50,230 --> 00:52:53,290
Making a car fueled
by a nuclear reactor.

1522
00:52:53,290 --> 00:52:54,060
Same groups.

1523
00:52:54,060 --> 00:52:55,090
Four minutes.

1524
00:52:55,090 --> 00:52:59,254
If you happen to be
a nuclear engineer,

1525
00:52:59,254 --> 00:53:00,391
you have a head start.

1526
00:53:00,391 --> 00:53:00,890
OK.

1527
00:53:00,890 --> 00:53:02,580
Right now, they're doing
the same exact thing

1528
00:53:02,580 --> 00:53:03,520
except for they're
mapping something

1529
00:53:03,520 --> 00:53:04,480
more engineering based.

1530
00:53:04,480 --> 00:53:06,762
And the idea is
that they can start

1531
00:53:06,762 --> 00:53:08,970
to apply something that
seemed very easy and informal

1532
00:53:08,970 --> 00:53:12,030
to something a little bit
more of their engineering

1533
00:53:12,030 --> 00:53:12,540
curriculum.

1534
00:53:12,540 --> 00:53:15,399
It's not a big stretch
in this case here.

1535
00:53:15,399 --> 00:53:16,940
They're going to
get lots of practice

1536
00:53:16,940 --> 00:53:19,090
throughout the
whole semester being

1537
00:53:19,090 --> 00:53:21,500
able to apply this to a variety
of different environments

1538
00:53:21,500 --> 00:53:23,317
and produce things
using this process.

1539
00:53:23,317 --> 00:53:24,900
But here I wanted
to show that there's

1540
00:53:24,900 --> 00:53:28,416
a mapping that exists
between stuff that seems very

1541
00:53:28,416 --> 00:53:30,790
unrelated to engineering, like
throwing a birthday party,

1542
00:53:30,790 --> 00:53:32,645
and some very
engineering related.

1543
00:53:32,645 --> 00:53:34,020
Let's see what
they come up with.

1544
00:53:41,231 --> 00:53:41,730
All right.

1545
00:53:41,730 --> 00:53:45,050
Let's find out what
you thought about how

1546
00:53:45,050 --> 00:53:46,910
to solve this problem.

1547
00:53:46,910 --> 00:53:48,590
Mapping the steps
to making a car

1548
00:53:48,590 --> 00:53:51,020
fueled by a nuclear reactor.

1549
00:53:51,020 --> 00:53:52,540
What is the
underlying objective?

1550
00:53:52,540 --> 00:53:56,595
Or what could the
underlying objective be?

1551
00:53:56,595 --> 00:53:58,960
AUDIENCE: Finding a
new means of fuel.

1552
00:53:58,960 --> 00:54:00,210
BLADE KOTELLY: Different fuel.

1553
00:54:00,210 --> 00:54:02,585
AUDIENCE: Building a car that
never needs to be refueled.

1554
00:54:02,585 --> 00:54:05,044
BLADE KOTELLY: A car that
never needs to be refueled.

1555
00:54:05,044 --> 00:54:06,420
AUDIENCE: Cleaner energy.

1556
00:54:06,420 --> 00:54:09,252
BLADE KOTELLY: Cleaner energy.

1557
00:54:09,252 --> 00:54:11,570
AUDIENCE: Job market
for nuclear engineers.

1558
00:54:11,570 --> 00:54:15,910
BLADE KOTELLY: A job market
for nuclear engineers.

1559
00:54:15,910 --> 00:54:16,960
That's very good.

1560
00:54:16,960 --> 00:54:17,990
I like that.

1561
00:54:17,990 --> 00:54:20,312
What else?

1562
00:54:20,312 --> 00:54:21,660
AUDIENCE: Faster car.

1563
00:54:21,660 --> 00:54:24,580
BLADE KOTELLY: Faster car.

1564
00:54:24,580 --> 00:54:26,680
Zoom!

1565
00:54:26,680 --> 00:54:27,647
What else?

1566
00:54:27,647 --> 00:54:29,230
AUDIENCE: Cleaner
for the environment.

1567
00:54:29,230 --> 00:54:30,280
BLADE KOTELLY: Cleaner
for the environment.

1568
00:54:30,280 --> 00:54:30,620
Yes.

1569
00:54:30,620 --> 00:54:31,130
What else?

1570
00:54:33,670 --> 00:54:34,300
OK.

1571
00:54:34,300 --> 00:54:37,840
Step number two,
what can inform us

1572
00:54:37,840 --> 00:54:42,050
about how to build-- where might
we look to understand about how

1573
00:54:42,050 --> 00:54:45,566
to build a car fueled
by a nuclear reactor?

1574
00:54:45,566 --> 00:54:47,732
AUDIENCE: Other vehicles
fueled by nuclear reactors,

1575
00:54:47,732 --> 00:54:48,399
like submarines.

1576
00:54:48,399 --> 00:54:49,856
BLADE KOTELLY: Like
submarines that

1577
00:54:49,856 --> 00:54:51,526
are fueled by nuclear
reactors, yes.

1578
00:54:51,526 --> 00:54:52,900
Understand how a
submarine works.

1579
00:54:52,900 --> 00:54:53,616
Jackie.

1580
00:54:53,616 --> 00:54:55,114
AUDIENCE: Current car designs.

1581
00:54:55,114 --> 00:54:56,530
BLADE KOTELLY:
Current car designs

1582
00:54:56,530 --> 00:54:59,564
could inform us about
what we could do.

1583
00:54:59,564 --> 00:55:02,686
AUDIENCE: How you could research
possible nuclear accidents.

1584
00:55:02,686 --> 00:55:04,560
BLADE KOTELLY: Ah, look
at nuclear accidents.

1585
00:55:04,560 --> 00:55:07,210
I'm going to put that under
the hazard analysis section.

1586
00:55:07,210 --> 00:55:09,180
But yes, absolutely.

1587
00:55:09,180 --> 00:55:09,800
Charlotte.

1588
00:55:09,800 --> 00:55:11,850
AUDIENCE: Small module
nuclear reactors.

1589
00:55:11,850 --> 00:55:12,900
BLADE KOTELLY: Small?

1590
00:55:12,900 --> 00:55:13,700
AUDIENCE: Module.

1591
00:55:13,700 --> 00:55:16,720
BLADE KOTELLY: Module
nuclear reactors.

1592
00:55:16,720 --> 00:55:18,314
She knows a little
bit about this.

1593
00:55:18,314 --> 00:55:19,980
AUDIENCE: I just got
hired to work them.

1594
00:55:19,980 --> 00:55:21,370
BLADE KOTELLY: She got hired
to work on them, great.

1595
00:55:21,370 --> 00:55:23,630
You could actually
research the thing

1596
00:55:23,630 --> 00:55:25,606
that you might want to use.

1597
00:55:25,606 --> 00:55:26,480
AUDIENCE: Professors.

1598
00:55:26,480 --> 00:55:27,460
BLADE KOTELLY: Professors.

1599
00:55:27,460 --> 00:55:27,960
Yes.

1600
00:55:27,960 --> 00:55:30,419
You could talk to professors
who deal with these things.

1601
00:55:30,419 --> 00:55:32,960
AUDIENCE: What regulations exist
on nuclear reactors in cars.

1602
00:55:32,960 --> 00:55:36,380
BLADE KOTELLY: Regulations
about nuclear reactors in cars

1603
00:55:36,380 --> 00:55:39,284
or other kinds of
transportation.

1604
00:55:39,284 --> 00:55:41,200
AUDIENCE: Find out what
aspects of cars people

1605
00:55:41,200 --> 00:55:42,400
don't want to change.

1606
00:55:42,400 --> 00:55:43,820
BLADE KOTELLY: What
aspects of cars people

1607
00:55:43,820 --> 00:55:44,694
don't want to change.

1608
00:55:44,694 --> 00:55:46,314
Sure.

1609
00:55:46,314 --> 00:55:47,730
AUDIENCE: Who will
want to use it.

1610
00:55:47,730 --> 00:55:49,200
BLADE KOTELLY: Understand
the potential market

1611
00:55:49,200 --> 00:55:51,491
of people who might want to
have a car that never needs

1612
00:55:51,491 --> 00:55:55,059
refueling, Stakeholder phase.

1613
00:55:55,059 --> 00:55:56,100
Who are the stakeholders?

1614
00:55:56,100 --> 00:55:56,599
Ben.

1615
00:55:56,599 --> 00:55:58,320
AUDIENCE: Everyone
who's Course 22.

1616
00:55:58,320 --> 00:56:00,950
BLADE KOTELLY: Everyone
who's in nuclear engineering.

1617
00:56:00,950 --> 00:56:01,832
Who else?

1618
00:56:01,832 --> 00:56:03,190
AUDIENCE: NRC.

1619
00:56:03,190 --> 00:56:04,764
BLADE KOTELLY: The
NRC who are the--?

1620
00:56:04,764 --> 00:56:06,430
AUDIENCE: Nuclear
Regulatory Commission.

1621
00:56:06,430 --> 00:56:08,630
BLADE KOTELLY: Nuclear
Regulatory Commission.

1622
00:56:08,630 --> 00:56:09,741
So, government.

1623
00:56:09,741 --> 00:56:10,240
Government.

1624
00:56:10,240 --> 00:56:11,526
Who else?

1625
00:56:11,526 --> 00:56:14,320
AUDIENCE: Everyone within
a 50-kilometer radius.

1626
00:56:14,320 --> 00:56:16,320
BLADE KOTELLY: Everyone
in a 50-kilometer radius

1627
00:56:16,320 --> 00:56:18,520
of you driving your car.

1628
00:56:18,520 --> 00:56:19,316
Rod.

1629
00:56:19,316 --> 00:56:20,902
AUDIENCE: Oil companies.

1630
00:56:20,902 --> 00:56:22,110
BLADE KOTELLY: Oil companies.

1631
00:56:22,110 --> 00:56:23,490
Yes, they are a stakeholder.

1632
00:56:23,490 --> 00:56:24,611
Absolutely.

1633
00:56:24,611 --> 00:56:25,110
Yes.

1634
00:56:25,110 --> 00:56:26,901
Because if you have a
really great car that

1635
00:56:26,901 --> 00:56:30,350
doesn't need to be fueled
ever, they're like, excuse me,

1636
00:56:30,350 --> 00:56:33,006
pardon me, would you
mind not making that?

1637
00:56:33,006 --> 00:56:34,798
AUDIENCE: Countries
that mine uranium.

1638
00:56:34,798 --> 00:56:36,770
BLADE KOTELLY: Countries
that mine uranium.

1639
00:56:36,770 --> 00:56:39,210
So, they're definitely
stakeholder because they've

1640
00:56:39,210 --> 00:56:40,500
got uranium.

1641
00:56:40,500 --> 00:56:41,247
Dale.

1642
00:56:41,247 --> 00:56:42,740
AUDIENCE: If we haven't said
it already, car manufacturers.

1643
00:56:42,740 --> 00:56:43,830
BLADE KOTELLY:
Car manufacturers.

1644
00:56:43,830 --> 00:56:44,361
Yes.

1645
00:56:44,361 --> 00:56:44,860
Who else?

1646
00:56:44,860 --> 00:56:46,480
We haven't said one
particular constituent group

1647
00:56:46,480 --> 00:56:48,990
that I think are very important
in this particular calculus.

1648
00:56:48,990 --> 00:56:49,787
Maybe not.

1649
00:56:49,787 --> 00:56:50,620
AUDIENCE: Mechanics.

1650
00:56:50,620 --> 00:56:51,190
BLADE KOTELLY: Mechanics.

1651
00:56:51,190 --> 00:56:51,959
Wow, yes.

1652
00:56:51,959 --> 00:56:53,000
Boy, how do you fix that?

1653
00:56:53,000 --> 00:56:55,660
No idea.

1654
00:56:55,660 --> 00:56:56,450
Why not?

1655
00:56:56,450 --> 00:56:58,930
Didn't go Course 22.

1656
00:56:58,930 --> 00:56:59,430
Really?

1657
00:56:59,430 --> 00:57:00,090
What'd you do?

1658
00:57:00,090 --> 00:57:00,590
Course 18.

1659
00:57:03,390 --> 00:57:05,357
What else?

1660
00:57:05,357 --> 00:57:05,940
AUDIENCE: You.

1661
00:57:05,940 --> 00:57:06,370
BLADE KOTELLY: Yes.

1662
00:57:06,370 --> 00:57:08,950
AUDIENCE: The nature of the
fact that you're designing them.

1663
00:57:08,950 --> 00:57:10,116
BLADE KOTELLY: The designer.

1664
00:57:10,116 --> 00:57:11,857
Or the person
who's the consumer.

1665
00:57:11,857 --> 00:57:13,190
AUDIENCE: Anyone who buys a car.

1666
00:57:13,190 --> 00:57:14,430
BLADE KOTELLY: Anyone
who buys a car.

1667
00:57:14,430 --> 00:57:14,740
Right.

1668
00:57:14,740 --> 00:57:15,240
Absolutely.

1669
00:57:15,240 --> 00:57:18,930
Anyone who buys a car-- electric
cars, non-electric cars.

1670
00:57:18,930 --> 00:57:21,060
Anyone else?

1671
00:57:21,060 --> 00:57:23,550
That's a good list.

1672
00:57:23,550 --> 00:57:24,296
Planned research.

1673
00:57:24,296 --> 00:57:25,170
Operational research.

1674
00:57:25,170 --> 00:57:27,906
What are we are limited by?

1675
00:57:27,906 --> 00:57:29,334
AUDIENCE: Fission or fusion.

1676
00:57:29,334 --> 00:57:34,805
BLADE KOTELLY: Ah, the choice
between fission or fusion.

1677
00:57:34,805 --> 00:57:36,784
AUDIENCE: Current
roads and whether we

1678
00:57:36,784 --> 00:57:38,200
can have nuclear
reactors on them.

1679
00:57:38,200 --> 00:57:38,490
BLADE KOTELLY: Yes.

1680
00:57:38,490 --> 00:57:40,090
Whether we can
actually have this

1681
00:57:40,090 --> 00:57:42,680
on our current infrastructure.

1682
00:57:42,680 --> 00:57:43,280
David.

1683
00:57:43,280 --> 00:57:44,920
AUDIENCE: Disposable spent fuel.

1684
00:57:44,920 --> 00:57:46,726
BLADE KOTELLY: Disposable
spent fuel, yes.

1685
00:57:46,726 --> 00:57:47,225
Charlotte.

1686
00:57:47,225 --> 00:57:49,499
AUDIENCE: Have to
have low enriched--

1687
00:57:49,499 --> 00:57:51,165
you'd have to have
low enriched uranium.

1688
00:57:51,165 --> 00:57:53,110
You can't have highly
enriched uranium.

1689
00:57:53,110 --> 00:57:53,860
BLADE KOTELLY: OK.

1690
00:57:53,860 --> 00:57:59,210
So we're limited by our ability
to get low enriched uranium.

1691
00:57:59,210 --> 00:58:01,470
Yes.

1692
00:58:01,470 --> 00:58:04,374
I'm glad we have you here.

1693
00:58:04,374 --> 00:58:06,610
AUDIENCE: What's the
cost of making them?

1694
00:58:06,610 --> 00:58:07,570
BLADE KOTELLY: Cost.

1695
00:58:07,570 --> 00:58:08,070
Absolutely.

1696
00:58:08,070 --> 00:58:11,610
The cost of making a
nuclear powered car.

1697
00:58:11,610 --> 00:58:12,265
Jake.

1698
00:58:12,265 --> 00:58:14,490
AUDIENCE: Different laws
on street legal vehicles.

1699
00:58:14,490 --> 00:58:14,910
BLADE KOTELLY: On?

1700
00:58:14,910 --> 00:58:16,250
AUDIENCE: Street legal vehicles.

1701
00:58:16,250 --> 00:58:16,490
BLADE KOTELLY: Yes.

1702
00:58:16,490 --> 00:58:18,200
Government laws on
street legal vehicles

1703
00:58:18,200 --> 00:58:21,410
and what you can and can't do
with a vehicle to begin with.

1704
00:58:21,410 --> 00:58:21,956
[? Yu? ?]

1705
00:58:21,956 --> 00:58:23,872
AUDIENCE: Price that
people are willing to pay

1706
00:58:23,872 --> 00:58:25,379
for a car that
doesn't refueling.

1707
00:58:25,379 --> 00:58:26,170
BLADE KOTELLY: Yes.

1708
00:58:26,170 --> 00:58:27,836
What would you pay
for a car if it never

1709
00:58:27,836 --> 00:58:30,770
needed fuel ever again?

1710
00:58:30,770 --> 00:58:32,300
It's a good question, right?

1711
00:58:32,300 --> 00:58:36,550
Would you pay a million dollars?

1712
00:58:36,550 --> 00:58:37,126
No.

1713
00:58:37,126 --> 00:58:39,126
Do you think you're paying
a million dollars now

1714
00:58:39,126 --> 00:58:40,744
in gas over the
course of your life?

1715
00:58:40,744 --> 00:58:42,410
AUDIENCE: Your car
won't last that long.

1716
00:58:42,410 --> 00:58:45,930
BLADE KOTELLY: Your car
won't last that long.

1717
00:58:45,930 --> 00:58:46,530
OK.

1718
00:58:46,530 --> 00:58:48,200
Foiled again.

1719
00:58:48,200 --> 00:58:48,920
What else?

1720
00:58:48,920 --> 00:58:50,684
AUDIENCE: Whether
people would buy it

1721
00:58:50,684 --> 00:58:52,450
because it's a nuclear reactor.

1722
00:58:52,450 --> 00:58:53,670
BLADE KOTELLY: Whether
people would even buy it.

1723
00:58:53,670 --> 00:58:54,540
It's nuclear reactor.

1724
00:58:54,540 --> 00:58:55,680
I don't want to get that car.

1725
00:58:55,680 --> 00:58:56,590
But it never needs fuel again.

1726
00:58:56,590 --> 00:58:57,630
I don't want that car.

1727
00:58:57,630 --> 00:58:58,390
Well, why not?

1728
00:58:58,390 --> 00:59:02,000
Because I don't want
to glow, I don't know.

1729
00:59:02,000 --> 00:59:05,864
What else are you limited by?

1730
00:59:05,864 --> 00:59:07,780
AUDIENCE: How available
the raw materials are.

1731
00:59:07,780 --> 00:59:09,863
BLADE KOTELLY: Yes,
availability of raw materials.

1732
00:59:14,460 --> 00:59:17,230
What could go wrong?

1733
00:59:17,230 --> 00:59:23,860
What could go wrong in a
nuclear powered automobile?

1734
00:59:23,860 --> 00:59:25,640
AUDIENCE: Two cars
crash into each other.

1735
00:59:25,640 --> 00:59:26,889
BLADE KOTELLY: Two cars crash.

1736
00:59:26,889 --> 00:59:29,180
That doesn't seems so wrong.

1737
00:59:29,180 --> 00:59:31,162
So far, it sounds OK.

1738
00:59:31,162 --> 00:59:35,090
Or are we talking about fusion?

1739
00:59:35,090 --> 00:59:36,350
What do you mean by that?

1740
00:59:36,350 --> 00:59:37,850
AUDIENCE: Finding
out what happens--

1741
00:59:37,850 --> 00:59:40,100
BLADE KOTELLY: Oh, what
happens to the nuclear reactor

1742
00:59:40,100 --> 00:59:42,450
during a car crash.

1743
00:59:42,450 --> 00:59:45,254
What was that movie--
was it the new Batman?

1744
00:59:45,254 --> 00:59:46,745
[INTERPOSING VOICES]

1745
00:59:46,745 --> 00:59:49,807
They had a nuclear
thing in a truck

1746
00:59:49,807 --> 00:59:51,640
and it kind of like,
boom, boom, boom, boom.

1747
00:59:51,640 --> 00:59:54,820
You're like, oh no,
that seems so bad.

1748
00:59:54,820 --> 00:59:57,385
But everything
worked out just fine.

1749
00:59:57,385 --> 00:59:58,260
Batman saved the day.

1750
00:59:58,260 --> 00:59:58,760
OK.

1751
00:59:58,760 --> 01:00:00,704
What else?

1752
01:00:00,704 --> 01:00:05,010
AUDIENCE: Can it be modified
to serve another purpose.

1753
01:00:05,010 --> 01:00:06,000
BLADE KOTELLY: Such as?

1754
01:00:06,000 --> 01:00:06,500
A what?

1755
01:00:06,500 --> 01:00:07,790
AUDIENCE: Like a more
dangerous purpose.

1756
01:00:07,790 --> 01:00:08,500
BLADE KOTELLY: A more
dangerous purpose.

1757
01:00:08,500 --> 01:00:08,930
So yes.

1758
01:00:08,930 --> 01:00:11,263
You could have terrorists who
take advantage of the fact

1759
01:00:11,263 --> 01:00:13,220
that you have a
nuclear powered car

1760
01:00:13,220 --> 01:00:14,817
to create a nuclear
powered bomb.

1761
01:00:14,817 --> 01:00:15,775
I saw that in "Batman."

1762
01:00:15,775 --> 01:00:16,275
I know.

1763
01:00:16,275 --> 01:00:17,914
I saw.

1764
01:00:17,914 --> 01:00:19,330
Everything I ever
needed to learn,

1765
01:00:19,330 --> 01:00:20,915
I learned from
watching "Batman."

1766
01:00:20,915 --> 01:00:21,414
Cameron.

1767
01:00:21,414 --> 01:00:22,535
AUDIENCE: If it's
a fission reactor,

1768
01:00:22,535 --> 01:00:23,450
where does the waste go?

1769
01:00:23,450 --> 01:00:24,190
BLADE KOTELLY: Ah, waste.

1770
01:00:24,190 --> 01:00:25,898
Yeah, what do you do
with waste disposal?

1771
01:00:25,898 --> 01:00:26,760
Right.

1772
01:00:26,760 --> 01:00:27,367
Ben.

1773
01:00:27,367 --> 01:00:28,700
AUDIENCE: Exposure to radiation.

1774
01:00:28,700 --> 01:00:30,241
BLADE KOTELLY:
Exposure to radiation.

1775
01:00:30,241 --> 01:00:31,320
Yes, absolutely.

1776
01:00:31,320 --> 01:00:31,820
Charlotte.

1777
01:00:31,820 --> 01:00:33,872
AUDIENCE: Control and
proliferation concerns.

1778
01:00:33,872 --> 01:00:35,955
BLADE KOTELLY: Control and
proliferation concerns.

1779
01:00:35,955 --> 01:00:38,186
What does that mean?

1780
01:00:38,186 --> 01:00:40,102
AUDIENCE: If you
create nuclear waste,

1781
01:00:40,102 --> 01:00:41,627
and you can't
control it, someone

1782
01:00:41,627 --> 01:00:43,460
can take it and turn
it into a nuclear bomb.

1783
01:00:43,460 --> 01:00:44,418
BLADE KOTELLY: Yes, OK.

1784
01:00:44,418 --> 01:00:46,280
So how do we keep that
thing from happening

1785
01:00:46,280 --> 01:00:50,470
that could be used
negatively and prevent that.

1786
01:00:50,470 --> 01:00:51,662
What else could go wrong?

1787
01:00:51,662 --> 01:00:53,120
AUDIENCE: Do it yourself people.

1788
01:00:53,120 --> 01:00:53,911
BLADE KOTELLY: DIY.

1789
01:00:56,260 --> 01:00:58,060
How to build a nuclear
reactor at home.

1790
01:00:58,060 --> 01:01:01,680
Yes this may require a few more
tools than most people have.

1791
01:01:01,680 --> 01:01:02,180
OK.

1792
01:01:02,180 --> 01:01:03,596
So are you beginning
to see how we

1793
01:01:03,596 --> 01:01:06,140
can start applying this process
to things of engineering base

1794
01:01:06,140 --> 01:01:06,822
as well?

1795
01:01:06,822 --> 01:01:08,030
Right, that you have to make?

1796
01:01:08,030 --> 01:01:11,600
And now, you may not be making
a nuclear powered reactor

1797
01:01:11,600 --> 01:01:13,730
car right now, but
Charlotte, you're

1798
01:01:13,730 --> 01:01:16,330
working on these
small reactors, right?

1799
01:01:16,330 --> 01:01:18,007
And what could they be used for?

1800
01:01:18,007 --> 01:01:20,279
AUDIENCE: So the market
shares that number

1801
01:01:20,279 --> 01:01:22,877
one, reactors are really
expensive and they're very big.

1802
01:01:22,877 --> 01:01:25,799
And if you don't need
1,200 megawatts of power

1803
01:01:25,799 --> 01:01:27,502
and you don't want
to spend $7 million,

1804
01:01:27,502 --> 01:01:29,700
you can get 250 megawatts
of power for $1 million.

1805
01:01:29,700 --> 01:01:30,449
BLADE KOTELLY: OK.

1806
01:01:30,449 --> 01:01:33,020
So you could make a small
reactor and use it to do what?

1807
01:01:33,020 --> 01:01:34,940
AUDIENCE: Basically,
you create electricity

1808
01:01:34,940 --> 01:01:36,380
and then distribute it cheaply.

1809
01:01:36,380 --> 01:01:37,880
BLADE KOTELLY: So
cheap electricity.

1810
01:01:37,880 --> 01:01:39,392
And where would you
want to do that?

1811
01:01:39,392 --> 01:01:40,600
AUDIENCE: All over the world.

1812
01:01:40,600 --> 01:01:41,650
BLADE KOTELLY: All
over the world.

1813
01:01:41,650 --> 01:01:43,300
In even a company,
potentially like

1814
01:01:43,300 --> 01:01:45,900
Apple where they have that
new campus being put up.

1815
01:01:45,900 --> 01:01:48,840
They have their own
power energy place

1816
01:01:48,840 --> 01:01:52,739
and they might, potentially, put
a nuclear reactor there, right?

1817
01:01:52,739 --> 01:01:54,530
They could power their
whole thing and then

1818
01:01:54,530 --> 01:01:58,500
supply the energy back to the
grid, if they chose to do that.

1819
01:01:58,500 --> 01:01:59,640
OK.

1820
01:01:59,640 --> 01:02:00,805
Joel, did you have a--?

1821
01:02:00,805 --> 01:02:01,680
JOEL SCHINDALL: Yeah.

1822
01:02:04,240 --> 01:02:06,700
This process we're going
to use again and again

1823
01:02:06,700 --> 01:02:08,870
during the course of the term.

1824
01:02:08,870 --> 01:02:10,790
But I wanted to just
point out a few things

1825
01:02:10,790 --> 01:02:13,190
to set a little bit
of context for you.

1826
01:02:13,190 --> 01:02:15,420
First of all, I think
there's an image

1827
01:02:15,420 --> 01:02:18,650
that designers just kind of
go into this special sort

1828
01:02:18,650 --> 01:02:21,870
of a daze and they come out
with a wonderful invention,

1829
01:02:21,870 --> 01:02:25,930
a great dress, a beautiful room
layout or something like that.

1830
01:02:25,930 --> 01:02:29,270
And I want to point out that
it rarely happens that way.

1831
01:02:29,270 --> 01:02:33,180
The design is work and effort
and looking at relationships

1832
01:02:33,180 --> 01:02:34,660
and going again and again.

1833
01:02:34,660 --> 01:02:36,930
And looking at what's
wanted and what's needed

1834
01:02:36,930 --> 01:02:38,450
and what's the context of it.

1835
01:02:38,450 --> 01:02:40,400
And actually what
we described here

1836
01:02:40,400 --> 01:02:43,180
is not that different from
what you do as engineers

1837
01:02:43,180 --> 01:02:44,730
when you study engineering.

1838
01:02:44,730 --> 01:02:46,850
It's breaking down the
problem into parts,

1839
01:02:46,850 --> 01:02:49,250
looking at the relationship
between those parts,

1840
01:02:49,250 --> 01:02:52,540
and optimizing the system,
just like you optimize

1841
01:02:52,540 --> 01:02:54,630
an engineering system
that's designed

1842
01:02:54,630 --> 01:02:58,280
to generate electricity or
build a bridge whatever branch

1843
01:02:58,280 --> 01:03:01,630
of engineering that you
might be involved in.

1844
01:03:01,630 --> 01:03:03,940
So actually you've got
the kind of training

1845
01:03:03,940 --> 01:03:05,710
to be able to do good design.

1846
01:03:05,710 --> 01:03:08,740
Second point I want to make--
the numbers, one, two, three,

1847
01:03:08,740 --> 01:03:09,340
four, five.

1848
01:03:09,340 --> 01:03:10,700
We all know how to count.

1849
01:03:10,700 --> 01:03:12,840
So it sort of leads you
into thinking you do one

1850
01:03:12,840 --> 01:03:15,950
and then you do two and then you
do three and then you do four.

1851
01:03:15,950 --> 01:03:19,140
And again, not that way
if you recognize that.

1852
01:03:19,140 --> 01:03:22,690
Actually, good design, you're
actually doing it in parallel.

1853
01:03:22,690 --> 01:03:25,210
You get about up to number five
and you're doing the hazard

1854
01:03:25,210 --> 01:03:27,980
analysis, you realize some of
the things, the assumptions

1855
01:03:27,980 --> 01:03:30,740
you made early ain't going to
work that way because they're

1856
01:03:30,740 --> 01:03:33,730
dangerous to your health
or other people's health.

1857
01:03:33,730 --> 01:03:35,410
You go back to step one.

1858
01:03:35,410 --> 01:03:39,410
So actually, this is a very good
linear way of representing it.

1859
01:03:39,410 --> 01:03:41,560
But in the actual
implementation of doing it,

1860
01:03:41,560 --> 01:03:44,627
you're going to move in and out
of all those different phases.

1861
01:03:44,627 --> 01:03:46,210
And then the third
thing I want to say

1862
01:03:46,210 --> 01:03:48,910
doesn't quite apply here
but I spent a lot of time

1863
01:03:48,910 --> 01:03:50,314
in the satellite industry.

1864
01:03:50,314 --> 01:03:51,730
And in the satellite
industry, you

1865
01:03:51,730 --> 01:03:55,460
go through a very careful
analysis up front of the design

1866
01:03:55,460 --> 01:03:56,850
that you've come up with.

1867
01:03:56,850 --> 01:03:58,840
Make sure that it's
reliable, that everything's

1868
01:03:58,840 --> 01:04:00,150
going to hang together.

1869
01:04:00,150 --> 01:04:04,450
And then, later on,
down around here,

1870
01:04:04,450 --> 01:04:06,430
you wind up making
a few changes.

1871
01:04:06,430 --> 01:04:08,460
Things are just a
little bit different.

1872
01:04:08,460 --> 01:04:09,360
You modify this.

1873
01:04:09,360 --> 01:04:10,410
You modify that.

1874
01:04:10,410 --> 01:04:13,640
And almost every serious
failure that occurs

1875
01:04:13,640 --> 01:04:16,160
is because after you
made those changes,

1876
01:04:16,160 --> 01:04:18,640
no one kind of went back
to the beginning and said,

1877
01:04:18,640 --> 01:04:22,480
well did this perhaps change
the assumptions under which we

1878
01:04:22,480 --> 01:04:25,760
based our design and move
us onto a different track?

1879
01:04:25,760 --> 01:04:28,970
So again, you always have to
be aware of those things--

1880
01:04:28,970 --> 01:04:32,882
just kind of a
perspective to put on it.

1881
01:04:32,882 --> 01:04:33,828
BLADE KOTELLY: Rita.

1882
01:04:33,828 --> 01:04:37,470
AUDIENCE: So say I'm Course 20
and I was hired by a Course 22

1883
01:04:37,470 --> 01:04:41,690
company to be a project
manager and I don't even

1884
01:04:41,690 --> 01:04:44,192
know of the existence of
some of these problems that

1885
01:04:44,192 --> 01:04:45,098
could come up.

1886
01:04:45,098 --> 01:04:46,682
How do you go about
figuring that out?

1887
01:04:46,682 --> 01:04:47,639
BLADE KOTELLY: Ah, yes.

1888
01:04:47,639 --> 01:04:49,770
How do you solve a problem
when you don't know much

1889
01:04:49,770 --> 01:04:51,542
about problem space.

1890
01:04:51,542 --> 01:04:53,000
That is a good
question which we're

1891
01:04:53,000 --> 01:04:55,695
going to hold for
now because of time.

1892
01:04:55,695 --> 01:04:58,480
But we will address it
because you will all

1893
01:04:58,480 --> 01:05:01,690
be working on problems
over the semester which

1894
01:05:01,690 --> 01:05:04,297
you may no knowledge about.

1895
01:05:04,297 --> 01:05:06,630
And so the question is how
do you acquire that knowledge

1896
01:05:06,630 --> 01:05:08,546
and how do you figure
out what you don't know.

1897
01:05:08,546 --> 01:05:11,050
It's a great question.

1898
01:05:11,050 --> 01:05:13,130
I want to talk briefly
about innovation.

1899
01:05:13,130 --> 01:05:16,590
This is a huge thing.

1900
01:05:16,590 --> 01:05:21,309
The course called "Engineering
Innovation and Design."

1901
01:05:21,309 --> 01:05:23,350
I have a very particular
thought about innovation

1902
01:05:23,350 --> 01:05:24,600
that I want to share with you.

1903
01:05:26,700 --> 01:05:31,840
This is a diagram from a
very famous design consultant

1904
01:05:31,840 --> 01:05:34,460
and how they explain innovation.

1905
01:05:34,460 --> 01:05:39,100
Now, I think I see
where they're going.

1906
01:05:39,100 --> 01:05:42,160
They talk about the business
on one side, technology

1907
01:05:42,160 --> 01:05:44,024
and people.

1908
01:05:44,024 --> 01:05:46,440
And they say, look, innovation
happens in different places

1909
01:05:46,440 --> 01:05:46,940
here.

1910
01:05:46,940 --> 01:05:48,750
Process innovation
occurs between business

1911
01:05:48,750 --> 01:05:49,650
and technology.

1912
01:05:49,650 --> 01:05:51,310
Functional innovation
occurs over here.

1913
01:05:51,310 --> 01:05:53,851
Emotional innovation occurs over
here, like building a brand.

1914
01:05:57,040 --> 01:05:58,920
And then they have
experience innovation.

1915
01:05:58,920 --> 01:06:03,060
And this is this thing
that's very, very special.

1916
01:06:03,060 --> 01:06:04,870
They say yes, when we
combine understanding

1917
01:06:04,870 --> 01:06:08,030
of the business, the
technology, the people.

1918
01:06:08,030 --> 01:06:09,660
Do we build something
that people want?

1919
01:06:09,660 --> 01:06:11,260
Is it able to be built?

1920
01:06:11,260 --> 01:06:13,930
And will it create a business
that can sustain itself?

1921
01:06:13,930 --> 01:06:19,450
Then we have achieved great
experience innovation.

1922
01:06:19,450 --> 01:06:20,630
Now it's not a bad model.

1923
01:06:20,630 --> 01:06:22,088
And it's not untrue
that innovation

1924
01:06:22,088 --> 01:06:23,852
occurs in these places.

1925
01:06:23,852 --> 01:06:26,440
But I think it's
not a useful model.

1926
01:06:26,440 --> 01:06:30,670
I think in that zone here, you
build things that are useful.

1927
01:06:30,670 --> 01:06:31,820
They're useful.

1928
01:06:31,820 --> 01:06:33,770
But they may not be innovative.

1929
01:06:33,770 --> 01:06:35,270
So here's my thing
about innovation.

1930
01:06:40,250 --> 01:06:42,480
There's something out there.

1931
01:06:42,480 --> 01:06:44,650
There's something.

1932
01:06:44,650 --> 01:06:48,390
And you're required
to do something

1933
01:06:48,390 --> 01:06:50,800
and yet you have this
other tension pulling you

1934
01:06:50,800 --> 01:06:53,190
because you desire to
do something else that

1935
01:06:53,190 --> 01:06:54,170
seems in conflict.

1936
01:06:57,290 --> 01:07:01,500
I'm required to create
a nuclear powered car

1937
01:07:01,500 --> 01:07:04,100
but-- I desire to create
a nuclear powered car,

1938
01:07:04,100 --> 01:07:07,550
but I'm required to adhere
to laws of government,

1939
01:07:07,550 --> 01:07:09,240
which is causing
a lot of problems.

1940
01:07:09,240 --> 01:07:20,220
I am required to make an
artificial heart valve

1941
01:07:20,220 --> 01:07:23,260
and I want to make
that but what I realize

1942
01:07:23,260 --> 01:07:26,050
is that there's a problem
because in this requirement,

1943
01:07:26,050 --> 01:07:28,990
I have something that spins
and it creates friction.

1944
01:07:28,990 --> 01:07:32,100
And the friction causes
blood platelets to form

1945
01:07:32,100 --> 01:07:34,640
and causes clotting.

1946
01:07:34,640 --> 01:07:37,086
And I desire to have no clotting
happen even though I have

1947
01:07:37,086 --> 01:07:40,670
this spinning object
in a heart valve.

1948
01:07:40,670 --> 01:07:41,830
Tension.

1949
01:07:41,830 --> 01:07:44,590
I'm required to
pass the class but I

1950
01:07:44,590 --> 01:07:47,185
desire to go out
drinking with my friends.

1951
01:07:47,185 --> 01:07:48,060
These are in tension.

1952
01:07:48,060 --> 01:07:48,560
OK.

1953
01:07:48,560 --> 01:07:54,610
So when you have this and
you start stretching this,

1954
01:07:54,610 --> 01:07:58,440
by resolving this, this is
where innovation occurs.

1955
01:07:58,440 --> 01:08:01,810
Innovation is the result
of resolving your need

1956
01:08:01,810 --> 01:08:07,470
to do something with your
desire of how it can be done.

1957
01:08:07,470 --> 01:08:10,520
The designer's job
is to reconcile

1958
01:08:10,520 --> 01:08:14,100
the seemingly irreconcilable.

1959
01:08:14,100 --> 01:08:17,290
The designer's job
is to reconcile

1960
01:08:17,290 --> 01:08:18,903
the seemingly irreconcilable.

1961
01:08:21,710 --> 01:08:23,187
It's not that you can't do it.

1962
01:08:23,187 --> 01:08:24,520
Maybe you think you can't do it.

1963
01:08:24,520 --> 01:08:26,396
It appears that you can't do it.

1964
01:08:26,396 --> 01:08:28,812
But you gotta think about it
differently or think about it

1965
01:08:28,812 --> 01:08:29,560
from a new angle.

1966
01:08:29,560 --> 01:08:32,297
Or get some new
information to resolve

1967
01:08:32,297 --> 01:08:33,505
the seemingly irreconcilable.

1968
01:08:33,505 --> 01:08:37,109
And that is what your
job is your whole lives

1969
01:08:37,109 --> 01:08:40,779
is to try to figure out the
solution to these problems.

1970
01:08:40,779 --> 01:08:43,020
If they were obvious,
people would just do them.

1971
01:08:43,020 --> 01:08:44,603
But when they're not
obvious, and they

1972
01:08:44,603 --> 01:08:46,890
cause this tension,
this pain, this

1973
01:08:46,890 --> 01:08:48,926
is where the innovation occurs.

1974
01:08:48,926 --> 01:08:50,550
And where you get
people who do things.

1975
01:08:50,550 --> 01:08:58,229
Like a company called Levatronix
who took that spinning thing.

1976
01:08:58,229 --> 01:09:00,350
And they said, well,
we know if they're

1977
01:09:00,350 --> 01:09:02,010
touching it causes friction.

1978
01:09:02,010 --> 01:09:04,540
Instead, they used
magnets to levitate it

1979
01:09:04,540 --> 01:09:07,149
so there's no friction at
all inside of a heart valve.

1980
01:09:10,365 --> 01:09:12,656
Do you want to talk about
the heart valve for a second?

1981
01:09:12,656 --> 01:09:14,864
JOEL SCHINDALL: There's a
small company out in Walton

1982
01:09:14,864 --> 01:09:16,450
called Levatronics.

1983
01:09:16,450 --> 01:09:20,180
And part of their charter was to
build an artificial heart that

1984
01:09:20,180 --> 01:09:22,720
could be used at least
temporarily as substitution

1985
01:09:22,720 --> 01:09:25,220
until a real heart was
available for transplant.

1986
01:09:25,220 --> 01:09:26,720
And you know, the
usual way that you

1987
01:09:26,720 --> 01:09:28,810
build a pump is a
rotary pump that

1988
01:09:28,810 --> 01:09:30,880
produces just a
constant pressure.

1989
01:09:30,880 --> 01:09:33,870
But everyone knows that
the heart beats like this.

1990
01:09:33,870 --> 01:09:36,540
And everyone assumed
that the body

1991
01:09:36,540 --> 01:09:40,380
needs that heart beat in order
for the biological processes

1992
01:09:40,380 --> 01:09:42,149
to work as they're supposed to.

1993
01:09:42,149 --> 01:09:43,939
Turns out, that's not the case.

1994
01:09:43,939 --> 01:09:47,870
Turns out that if you pump
blood smoothly through the body,

1995
01:09:47,870 --> 01:09:49,529
it works.

1996
01:09:49,529 --> 01:09:52,670
You get oxygen from the lungs
to the parts that need it.

1997
01:09:52,670 --> 01:09:55,830
And you actually can have a
working rotary heart pump.

1998
01:09:55,830 --> 01:09:58,980
So Levatronix thought, well,
this would be a great thing

1999
01:09:58,980 --> 01:10:02,930
to build except that the
spinning pump shaft has

2000
01:10:02,930 --> 01:10:04,679
a bearing at either
end of the shaft

2001
01:10:04,679 --> 01:10:06,970
and there's friction in the
bearing which creates heat,

2002
01:10:06,970 --> 01:10:09,280
the heat creates
blood clots, the blood

2003
01:10:09,280 --> 01:10:12,400
clots break off and go to the
lungs and that's an embolism

2004
01:10:12,400 --> 01:10:14,070
and the person dies.

2005
01:10:14,070 --> 01:10:17,330
So the question was, well,
looks like you can't do it.

2006
01:10:17,330 --> 01:10:21,450
So talk about reconciling
the seemingly irreconcilable.

2007
01:10:21,450 --> 01:10:24,560
It turns out that
you can magnetically

2008
01:10:24,560 --> 01:10:27,910
levitate the ends of the shaft
so that they don't actually

2009
01:10:27,910 --> 01:10:29,100
touch the bearing.

2010
01:10:29,100 --> 01:10:31,840
And you have a
frictionless bearing.

2011
01:10:31,840 --> 01:10:33,520
Now, it's not stable.

2012
01:10:33,520 --> 01:10:36,570
It takes an external
electronic circuit

2013
01:10:36,570 --> 01:10:42,630
in order to be able to sense the
little latitudinal motions that

2014
01:10:42,630 --> 01:10:43,890
come up in the shaft.

2015
01:10:43,890 --> 01:10:46,460
But we're pretty advanced
in our technology now.

2016
01:10:46,460 --> 01:10:49,410
We can sense the position of
the shaft and you can fix that.

2017
01:10:49,410 --> 01:10:51,650
And Levatronix has actually
been selling that product

2018
01:10:51,650 --> 01:10:53,400
for the last four or five years.

2019
01:10:53,400 --> 01:10:54,980
It's saved lives.

2020
01:10:54,980 --> 01:10:55,700
It works.

2021
01:10:55,700 --> 01:11:00,160
It reconciles the seemingly
inconceivable-- well,

2022
01:11:00,160 --> 01:11:02,780
inconceivable--
but irreconcilable.

2023
01:11:02,780 --> 01:11:07,930
And that is what I would
call a real out of the box

2024
01:11:07,930 --> 01:11:10,290
innovative idea.

2025
01:11:10,290 --> 01:11:11,290
Yeah.

2026
01:11:11,290 --> 01:11:13,790
AUDIENCE: Is this
the company that they

2027
01:11:13,790 --> 01:11:16,270
were written about
in "Popular Science?"

2028
01:11:16,270 --> 01:11:21,660
They were having people who had
these smooth hearts going in.

2029
01:11:21,660 --> 01:11:25,825
And they were going into doctors
and freaking the doctors out

2030
01:11:25,825 --> 01:11:28,980
because they didn't
have a pulse?

2031
01:11:28,980 --> 01:11:31,240
JOEL SCHINDALL: It
certainly would fit.

2032
01:11:31,240 --> 01:11:33,070
There were a few articles
about Levatronix.

2033
01:11:33,070 --> 01:11:35,140
I don't know that specific one.

2034
01:11:35,140 --> 01:11:40,120
But yeah, that's right,
they don't have a pulse.

2035
01:11:40,120 --> 01:11:44,840
So when you say that to be
alive, they must have a pulse,

2036
01:11:44,840 --> 01:11:46,710
perhaps that's not a
necessary precondition.

2037
01:11:49,070 --> 01:11:49,820
BLADE KOTELLY: OK.

2038
01:11:49,820 --> 01:11:55,080
So I want you all to work in
pairs for just a few minutes.

2039
01:11:55,080 --> 01:11:59,260
I want you to come
up a list-- let's

2040
01:11:59,260 --> 01:12:01,697
see who can come up with
the longest list in three

2041
01:12:01,697 --> 01:12:04,280
minutes, what group can come up
with the longest list in three

2042
01:12:04,280 --> 01:12:09,450
minutes, of either things
you've experienced personally

2043
01:12:09,450 --> 01:12:15,100
or things that you know about
where people had to reconcile

2044
01:12:15,100 --> 01:12:17,765
the seemingly irreconcilable.

2045
01:12:17,765 --> 01:12:25,652
To solve a seemingly impossible
design problem at the time.

2046
01:12:25,652 --> 01:12:26,610
You have three minutes.

2047
01:12:33,280 --> 01:12:35,790
All right, let's find out.

2048
01:12:35,790 --> 01:12:36,550
OK.

2049
01:12:36,550 --> 01:12:40,810
Who put down one thing or more?

2050
01:12:40,810 --> 01:12:41,500
Wow.

2051
01:12:41,500 --> 01:12:42,370
Pretty good.

2052
01:12:42,370 --> 01:12:43,590
Two.

2053
01:12:43,590 --> 01:12:45,560
Three things.

2054
01:12:45,560 --> 01:12:46,790
Four things.

2055
01:12:46,790 --> 01:12:47,680
Five.

2056
01:12:47,680 --> 01:12:48,670
Six.

2057
01:12:48,670 --> 01:12:49,710
Seven.

2058
01:12:49,710 --> 01:12:50,642
Eight.

2059
01:12:50,642 --> 01:12:51,574
Nine.

2060
01:12:51,574 --> 01:12:52,160
10.

2061
01:12:52,160 --> 01:12:52,660
OK.

2062
01:12:52,660 --> 01:12:54,310
15.

2063
01:12:54,310 --> 01:12:54,810
20.

2064
01:12:57,890 --> 01:12:59,870
25.

2065
01:12:59,870 --> 01:13:00,370
OK.

2066
01:13:00,370 --> 01:13:01,790
21.

2067
01:13:01,790 --> 01:13:02,290
22.

2068
01:13:07,470 --> 01:13:08,345
How many did you get?

2069
01:13:08,345 --> 01:13:08,730
AUDIENCE: 22.

2070
01:13:08,730 --> 01:13:09,771
BLADE KOTELLY: 22 things.

2071
01:13:09,771 --> 01:13:10,280
22.

2072
01:13:10,280 --> 01:13:10,970
Both 22?

2073
01:13:10,970 --> 01:13:11,830
AUDIENCE: 21.

2074
01:13:11,830 --> 01:13:12,870
BLADE KOTELLY: 21, OK.

2075
01:13:16,560 --> 01:13:19,250
Who only got five or fewer?

2076
01:13:19,250 --> 01:13:20,330
Five or fewer.

2077
01:13:20,330 --> 01:13:21,806
Tell us one of them.

2078
01:13:21,806 --> 01:13:23,540
AUDIENCE: Portable media players

2079
01:13:23,540 --> 01:13:25,330
BLADE KOTELLY:
Portable media players.

2080
01:13:25,330 --> 01:13:26,710
Tell me what you mean by that.

2081
01:13:26,710 --> 01:13:27,585
AUDIENCE: [INAUDIBLE]

2082
01:13:30,020 --> 01:13:31,270
BLADE KOTELLY: Yeah, go ahead.

2083
01:13:31,270 --> 01:13:32,770
AUDIENCE: Basically
making something

2084
01:13:32,770 --> 01:13:34,926
that is small and functional.

2085
01:13:34,926 --> 01:13:36,342
BLADE KOTELLY:
That would do what?

2086
01:13:36,342 --> 01:13:37,820
AUDIENCE: Playing
any kind of media.

2087
01:13:37,820 --> 01:13:38,400
BLADE KOTELLY: Right.

2088
01:13:38,400 --> 01:13:38,900
OK.

2089
01:13:38,900 --> 01:13:42,330
So it's like the idea of putting
all your music in your pocket,

2090
01:13:42,330 --> 01:13:43,100
right?

2091
01:13:43,100 --> 01:13:46,030
That seems impossible to do
at some point in time, right?

2092
01:13:46,030 --> 01:13:48,570
And now you're like, of course,
all my music's in my pocket,

2093
01:13:48,570 --> 01:13:53,865
all my videos are in my pocket,
everything's in my pocket.

2094
01:13:53,865 --> 01:13:56,120
Got big pockets.

2095
01:13:56,120 --> 01:13:56,710
OK, yes.

2096
01:13:56,710 --> 01:13:57,640
So things like that.

2097
01:13:57,640 --> 01:13:58,640
That's an excellent one.

2098
01:13:58,640 --> 01:14:00,354
In the back, yes.

2099
01:14:00,354 --> 01:14:01,845
AUDIENCE: Infrared thermometers.

2100
01:14:01,845 --> 01:14:03,789
Infrared thermometers.

2101
01:14:03,789 --> 01:14:05,330
BLADE KOTELLY:
Infrared thermometers.

2102
01:14:05,330 --> 01:14:06,090
Yeah.

2103
01:14:06,090 --> 01:14:08,620
How to be able to get the
temperature of something

2104
01:14:08,620 --> 01:14:09,310
at distance.

2105
01:14:12,210 --> 01:14:13,730
Well, you got 21 of them.

2106
01:14:13,730 --> 01:14:17,320
We're going to work
our way up to you.

2107
01:14:17,320 --> 01:14:19,310
OK people who got 10 or fewer.

2108
01:14:19,310 --> 01:14:21,060
Groups that got 10 or fewer.

2109
01:14:21,060 --> 01:14:22,324
OK.

2110
01:14:22,324 --> 01:14:22,990
Tell us, Daniel.

2111
01:14:27,370 --> 01:14:29,930
AUDIENCE: Selling a product
without a salesforce.

2112
01:14:29,930 --> 01:14:31,580
BLADE KOTELLY: Selling a product
without having a salesforce.

2113
01:14:31,580 --> 01:14:32,590
Right, that's an amazing idea.

2114
01:14:32,590 --> 01:14:34,048
Like, what do you
do when you don't

2115
01:14:34,048 --> 01:14:36,160
have anybody doing the selling?

2116
01:14:36,160 --> 01:14:38,630
How can you possibly do that?

2117
01:14:38,630 --> 01:14:40,935
And said, ah, I've
got the internet.

2118
01:14:40,935 --> 01:14:41,560
I'm Jeff Bezos.

2119
01:14:41,560 --> 01:14:45,404
I can sell everything the world.

2120
01:14:45,404 --> 01:14:47,240
AUDIENCE: A self-driving car.

2121
01:14:47,240 --> 01:14:48,670
BLADE KOTELLY: A
self-driving car.

2122
01:14:48,670 --> 01:14:49,170
Yeah.

2123
01:14:49,170 --> 01:14:50,550
It seems impossible.

2124
01:14:50,550 --> 01:14:52,970
GM is working on this and
putting a lot of effort

2125
01:14:52,970 --> 01:14:54,032
into this.

2126
01:14:54,032 --> 01:14:56,240
In fact I've had a conversation
recently with someone

2127
01:14:56,240 --> 01:14:57,886
who thought there's
no way we're going

2128
01:14:57,886 --> 01:15:01,870
to have self-driving cars
in the next 15 years.

2129
01:15:01,870 --> 01:15:05,310
They think well, maybe for
special lanes, special places.

2130
01:15:05,310 --> 01:15:08,150
But I think we're going to see
a lot more self-driving cars

2131
01:15:08,150 --> 01:15:12,020
with breathalyzers on them.

2132
01:15:12,020 --> 01:15:14,215
[PUFF] You are not driving home.

2133
01:15:14,215 --> 01:15:17,290
Get in the backseat.

2134
01:15:17,290 --> 01:15:18,500
You pass out.

2135
01:15:18,500 --> 01:15:19,390
You wake up at home.

2136
01:15:19,390 --> 01:15:20,552
OK.

2137
01:15:20,552 --> 01:15:22,960
Amazing!

2138
01:15:22,960 --> 01:15:24,380
Who else?

2139
01:15:24,380 --> 01:15:26,042
10 or fewer, yes.

2140
01:15:26,042 --> 01:15:27,500
AUDIENCE: Oh, no
sorry, I had more.

2141
01:15:27,500 --> 01:15:28,380
BLADE KOTELLY: You
had more than 10.

2142
01:15:28,380 --> 01:15:28,880
OK.

2143
01:15:28,880 --> 01:15:30,640
Who had 10 or fewer?

2144
01:15:30,640 --> 01:15:31,830
AUDIENCE: Nuclear fusion.

2145
01:15:31,830 --> 01:15:33,755
BLADE KOTELLY: Nuclear fusion.

2146
01:15:33,755 --> 01:15:35,177
Can we do it?

2147
01:15:35,177 --> 01:15:36,760
AUDIENCE: Yeah, just
can't sustain it.

2148
01:15:36,760 --> 01:15:37,870
BLADE KOTELLY: Just
can't sustain it.

2149
01:15:37,870 --> 01:15:38,369
Interesting.

2150
01:15:38,369 --> 01:15:40,800
So we're so close.

2151
01:15:40,800 --> 01:15:43,531
But we desire it.

2152
01:15:43,531 --> 01:15:44,030
What else?

2153
01:15:44,030 --> 01:15:45,340
How about 15 or fewer.

2154
01:15:45,340 --> 01:15:47,430
I'm sorry, were we at 15?

2155
01:15:47,430 --> 01:15:48,820
15 or fewer.

2156
01:15:48,820 --> 01:15:50,570
AUDIENCE: The invention
of the light bulb.

2157
01:15:50,570 --> 01:15:52,528
BLADE KOTELLY: The
invention of the light bulb.

2158
01:15:52,528 --> 01:15:56,900
So people thought, boy, how do
we get light without candles?

2159
01:15:56,900 --> 01:15:57,400
Right.

2160
01:15:57,400 --> 01:15:59,066
How can I stay in
light without candles?

2161
01:15:59,066 --> 01:16:00,670
Who invented the light bulb?

2162
01:16:00,670 --> 01:16:01,990
AUDIENCE: Not Thomas Edison.

2163
01:16:01,990 --> 01:16:03,430
BLADE KOTELLY:
Not Thomas Edison.

2164
01:16:03,430 --> 01:16:05,220
That was a correct answer.

2165
01:16:05,220 --> 01:16:06,160
Swan did.

2166
01:16:06,160 --> 01:16:07,610
Swan did in England.

2167
01:16:07,610 --> 01:16:08,450
Smaller version.

2168
01:16:08,450 --> 01:16:09,810
Swan invents the light bulb.

2169
01:16:09,810 --> 01:16:11,870
Edison's like, ugh, you.

2170
01:16:11,870 --> 01:16:13,310
And he spends a
lot of time trying

2171
01:16:13,310 --> 01:16:15,143
to figure out how to
get around this patent.

2172
01:16:15,143 --> 01:16:18,680
But we all call them Edison
bulbs and not Swan bulbs.

2173
01:16:18,680 --> 01:16:19,617
Do you know why?

2174
01:16:19,617 --> 01:16:21,020
AUDIENCE: Because he
made them really big.

2175
01:16:21,020 --> 01:16:22,978
BLADE KOTELLY: Because
he made them really big.

2176
01:16:22,978 --> 01:16:23,740
How did he do it?

2177
01:16:23,740 --> 01:16:25,400
So clever.

2178
01:16:25,400 --> 01:16:27,450
So in this whole thing,
we talked about process,

2179
01:16:27,450 --> 01:16:29,460
we talked about stakeholders
and all these different people

2180
01:16:29,460 --> 01:16:30,500
who are involved.

2181
01:16:30,500 --> 01:16:32,820
And Thomas Edison had
a very smart staff.

2182
01:16:32,820 --> 01:16:35,380
And the staff had a
very big-- we call it

2183
01:16:35,380 --> 01:16:37,130
systems thinking perspective.

2184
01:16:37,130 --> 01:16:41,080
They said, well
look, candles are

2185
01:16:41,080 --> 01:16:46,250
used or things that supply
light and heat, gas lamps,

2186
01:16:46,250 --> 01:16:52,940
are used on the
side of fireplaces

2187
01:16:52,940 --> 01:16:57,430
in a very expensive homes.

2188
01:16:57,430 --> 01:16:59,400
Particularly in Boston.

2189
01:16:59,400 --> 01:17:01,570
They said, here's an idea.

2190
01:17:01,570 --> 01:17:04,270
We're going to take
these light bulbs things,

2191
01:17:04,270 --> 01:17:07,460
we're going to run wires
right through the tubes that

2192
01:17:07,460 --> 01:17:10,960
currently kept gas,
we'll turn the gas off,

2193
01:17:10,960 --> 01:17:13,394
and we'll put a little
meter outside of your house

2194
01:17:13,394 --> 01:17:15,310
that will measure how
much of this electricity

2195
01:17:15,310 --> 01:17:18,110
you're using for
your light bulb.

2196
01:17:18,110 --> 01:17:19,310
It's all brand new, right?

2197
01:17:19,310 --> 01:17:20,250
So everyone's
like, whatever, OK.

2198
01:17:20,250 --> 01:17:21,041
And so they did it.

2199
01:17:21,041 --> 01:17:23,950
It's cool because it won't
burn down your house.

2200
01:17:23,950 --> 01:17:26,810
And they put these bulbs in
and they ran the wires through.

2201
01:17:26,810 --> 01:17:27,790
Because they, said,
if you don't like it,

2202
01:17:27,790 --> 01:17:29,540
we'll pull out the
wires, turn the gas on,

2203
01:17:29,540 --> 01:17:31,390
everything just works.

2204
01:17:31,390 --> 01:17:33,950
So it's easy low
switching costs.

2205
01:17:33,950 --> 01:17:35,890
Easy to start trying it out.

2206
01:17:35,890 --> 01:17:36,557
Low risk.

2207
01:17:36,557 --> 01:17:38,140
If you don't like
it, you can go back.

2208
01:17:38,140 --> 01:17:39,020
No problem.

2209
01:17:39,020 --> 01:17:40,400
Money back guarantee.

2210
01:17:40,400 --> 01:17:41,800
And a way of measuring it.

2211
01:17:41,800 --> 01:17:45,840
And that's why he became
hugely successful.

2212
01:17:45,840 --> 01:17:46,350
OK.

2213
01:17:46,350 --> 01:17:46,850
Great.

2214
01:17:46,850 --> 01:17:50,845
Other inventions from
people who got 20 or fewer.

2215
01:17:50,845 --> 01:17:51,470
AUDIENCE: Yeah.

2216
01:17:51,470 --> 01:17:52,339
SR-81 Blackbird.

2217
01:17:52,339 --> 01:17:53,130
BLADE KOTELLY: Yes.

2218
01:17:53,130 --> 01:17:54,820
The SR-71 Blackbird.

2219
01:17:54,820 --> 01:17:55,450
Yes.

2220
01:17:55,450 --> 01:17:57,520
Something that would
go incredibly fast.

2221
01:17:57,520 --> 01:17:59,520
How fast does it go?

2222
01:17:59,520 --> 01:18:00,910
So fast we don't even know!

2223
01:18:00,910 --> 01:18:02,160
I think it's still classified.

2224
01:18:02,160 --> 01:18:05,300
And it goes so fast and
flew so high that it

2225
01:18:05,300 --> 01:18:06,600
couldn't be caught on radar.

2226
01:18:06,600 --> 01:18:07,240
You couldn't even see.

2227
01:18:07,240 --> 01:18:08,690
You didn't know it
existed at the time.

2228
01:18:08,690 --> 01:18:10,773
AUDIENCE: The design
compromise was about the fuel

2229
01:18:10,773 --> 01:18:12,830
because it's not
sealed at ground level.

2230
01:18:12,830 --> 01:18:15,371
BLADE KOTELLY: Ah, yes, so the
design compromise specifically

2231
01:18:15,371 --> 01:18:17,850
here, is that at ground
level, it just leaks fuel.

2232
01:18:17,850 --> 01:18:20,585
Because when it goes so
fast, it gets really hot.

2233
01:18:20,585 --> 01:18:22,210
And we all know from
your thermal class

2234
01:18:22,210 --> 01:18:25,670
that things expand when they
get really hot, like metal.

2235
01:18:25,670 --> 01:18:29,250
And it would expand and all
of a sudden not leak fuel

2236
01:18:29,250 --> 01:18:30,900
when it was flying really fast.

2237
01:18:30,900 --> 01:18:33,540
But on the ground it
is just dripping fuel.

2238
01:18:33,540 --> 01:18:35,300
Pretty crazy, right?

2239
01:18:35,300 --> 01:18:38,080
What if your car ran like that?

2240
01:18:38,080 --> 01:18:38,670
I'd love that.

2241
01:18:38,670 --> 01:18:41,120
I could drive fast all the time.

2242
01:18:41,120 --> 01:18:42,640
I'm sorry, Mr. Policeman.

2243
01:18:42,640 --> 01:18:43,850
I had to drive fast.

2244
01:18:43,850 --> 01:18:46,122
I'd be leaking fuel
all over the ground.

2245
01:18:46,122 --> 01:18:47,580
AUDIENCE: Alternating currents

2246
01:18:47,580 --> 01:18:48,170
BLADE KOTELLY:
Alternating currents.

2247
01:18:48,170 --> 01:18:48,669
Tell us.

2248
01:18:48,669 --> 01:18:50,194
What was the--

2249
01:18:50,194 --> 01:18:51,735
AUDIENCE: They were
looking for a way

2250
01:18:51,735 --> 01:18:56,100
to distribute and
transmit high voltage.

2251
01:18:56,100 --> 01:19:01,960
Enough electricity to keep the
[INAUDIBLE] and direct current

2252
01:19:01,960 --> 01:19:04,401
would break.

2253
01:19:04,401 --> 01:19:07,235
Would not-- it wasn't--

2254
01:19:07,235 --> 01:19:08,360
BLADE KOTELLY: Didn't work.

2255
01:19:08,360 --> 01:19:09,656
OK.

2256
01:19:09,656 --> 01:19:11,234
AUDIENCE: Motion
pictures or movies.

2257
01:19:11,234 --> 01:19:12,150
BLADE KOTELLY: Movies.

2258
01:19:12,150 --> 01:19:13,250
Yeah.

2259
01:19:13,250 --> 01:19:14,240
Movies.

2260
01:19:14,240 --> 01:19:20,000
I want to see in front of me,
stuff happening like I'm there.

2261
01:19:20,000 --> 01:19:21,060
How do I do that?

2262
01:19:21,060 --> 01:19:23,330
I just have to put you
there, in front of a train,

2263
01:19:23,330 --> 01:19:27,040
speeding towards you
at 100 miles an hour.

2264
01:19:27,040 --> 01:19:31,490
Or put a camera and I
project on a big thing.

2265
01:19:31,490 --> 01:19:33,380
And it's so big,
it's so exciting,

2266
01:19:33,380 --> 01:19:35,900
that people in the
audience were aghast.

2267
01:19:35,900 --> 01:19:38,840
They gasped when they
saw people moving.

2268
01:19:38,840 --> 01:19:39,950
What else?

2269
01:19:39,950 --> 01:19:42,920
Actually, coming
off of that-- color.

2270
01:19:42,920 --> 01:19:44,420
We don't think about
color too much.

2271
01:19:44,420 --> 01:19:45,350
All we think of is
black and white.

2272
01:19:45,350 --> 01:19:46,805
But we want it in color.

2273
01:19:46,805 --> 01:19:49,630
And that was a huge
process change.

2274
01:19:49,630 --> 01:19:52,650
And how about 22 items or fewer.

2275
01:19:52,650 --> 01:19:53,650
We'll give you a chance.

2276
01:19:53,650 --> 01:19:55,769
Go ahead, Patrick.

2277
01:19:55,769 --> 01:19:57,560
AUDIENCE: The printing
press was a big one.

2278
01:19:57,560 --> 01:19:58,976
BLADE KOTELLY: The
printing press.

2279
01:19:58,976 --> 01:20:00,690
Yeah, huge deal.

2280
01:20:00,690 --> 01:20:02,560
What was the issue?

2281
01:20:02,560 --> 01:20:04,740
AUDIENCE: They were
having to have scribes--

2282
01:20:04,740 --> 01:20:06,740
BLADE KOTELLY: Yeah, you
have to copy everything

2283
01:20:06,740 --> 01:20:09,100
by hand which leads to lots of--

2284
01:20:09,100 --> 01:20:11,301
AUDIENCE: Carpal tunnel.

2285
01:20:11,301 --> 01:20:13,050
BLADE KOTELLY: I don't
know if they really

2286
01:20:13,050 --> 01:20:15,500
cared about the carpal tunnel
syndrome thing back then.

2287
01:20:15,500 --> 01:20:17,660
They might have cared.

2288
01:20:17,660 --> 01:20:19,200
But lots of errors.

2289
01:20:19,200 --> 01:20:21,800
Lots of errors and translation
errors and tons of errors.

2290
01:20:21,800 --> 01:20:24,038
And what else was
the issue there?

2291
01:20:24,038 --> 01:20:25,667
AUDIENCE: Slow.

2292
01:20:25,667 --> 01:20:26,500
BLADE KOTELLY: Slow.

2293
01:20:26,500 --> 01:20:27,530
It's very limited.

2294
01:20:27,530 --> 01:20:30,460
So if you had a book, it's a
very big deal to have a book.

2295
01:20:30,460 --> 01:20:31,710
And probably in the future
it will be a big deal

2296
01:20:31,710 --> 01:20:34,001
to have a book again because
we'll all be reading PDFs.

2297
01:20:37,160 --> 01:20:40,050
And from-- is this
your group who go 22?

2298
01:20:40,050 --> 01:20:40,550
Yes.

2299
01:20:40,550 --> 01:20:41,055
OK, yes.

2300
01:20:43,770 --> 01:20:44,750
AUDIENCE: Paper cups.

2301
01:20:44,750 --> 01:20:45,370
BLADE KOTELLY: Paper cups.

2302
01:20:45,370 --> 01:20:46,895
AUDIENCE: How do
you use something

2303
01:20:46,895 --> 01:20:49,070
that isn't waterproof
to actually hold water?

2304
01:20:49,070 --> 01:20:50,380
BLADE KOTELLY: Right.

2305
01:20:50,380 --> 01:20:52,680
So paper will let
water go through it

2306
01:20:52,680 --> 01:20:54,050
at some point when it saturates.

2307
01:20:54,050 --> 01:20:57,000
And The question is how
do you make it waterproof.

2308
01:20:57,000 --> 01:20:57,500
Right.

2309
01:20:57,500 --> 01:21:00,380
So these are all
incredible innovations

2310
01:21:00,380 --> 01:21:05,470
that occurred from paper cups to
something like SR-71 Blackbird.

2311
01:21:05,470 --> 01:21:09,234
And what I want to do is show
you, quickly, a short video.

2312
01:21:09,234 --> 01:21:10,650
This is a really
interesting thing

2313
01:21:10,650 --> 01:21:12,330
because the year
it was made was?

2314
01:21:12,330 --> 01:21:13,330
JOHN: 1987.

2315
01:21:13,330 --> 01:21:14,330
BLADE KOTELLY: 1987.

2316
01:21:14,330 --> 01:21:15,163
Take a look at this.

2317
01:21:20,740 --> 01:21:22,820
OK, So I won't show you
the whole thing here.

2318
01:21:22,820 --> 01:21:23,810
If you'd like, we
can send you a link.

2319
01:21:23,810 --> 01:21:25,351
This is something
Apple made in when?

2320
01:21:25,351 --> 01:21:26,060
JOHN: 1987.

2321
01:21:26,060 --> 01:21:27,040
BLADE KOTELLY: And
in it you'll see

2322
01:21:27,040 --> 01:21:28,780
there's a date that
actually occurs.

2323
01:21:28,780 --> 01:21:31,282
And the date is?

2324
01:21:31,282 --> 01:21:33,607
JOHN: One year before
Siri is launched.

2325
01:21:33,607 --> 01:21:34,440
BLADE KOTELLY: Yeah.

2326
01:21:34,440 --> 01:21:34,630
OK.

2327
01:21:34,630 --> 01:21:36,360
So it's right around
Siri's launch.

2328
01:21:36,360 --> 01:21:40,770
And now we can do almost all the
things you see in this video.

2329
01:21:40,770 --> 01:21:42,420
You'll see there's
a camera up there.

2330
01:21:42,420 --> 01:21:44,280
He has a video chat with her.

2331
01:21:44,280 --> 01:21:45,470
They're looking up things.

2332
01:21:45,470 --> 01:21:49,219
He's correcting his spoken
spelling of something

2333
01:21:49,219 --> 01:21:50,510
which Google does all the time.

2334
01:21:50,510 --> 01:21:52,960
With enough context, they
correct things, sometimes

2335
01:21:52,960 --> 01:21:55,324
even accurately.

2336
01:21:55,324 --> 01:21:56,740
He's getting his
information here.

2337
01:21:56,740 --> 01:21:57,869
He's reading appointments.

2338
01:21:57,869 --> 01:21:59,660
This is all something
that's happening now.

2339
01:21:59,660 --> 01:22:02,720
This was the idea they wanted
so desperately to create.

2340
01:22:02,720 --> 01:22:04,700
Something that allowed
you to do something

2341
01:22:04,700 --> 01:22:09,910
in the most natural way,
but with technology.

2342
01:22:09,910 --> 01:22:12,370
And we're basically there.

2343
01:22:12,370 --> 01:22:16,590
So for your homework, I
want you to do something

2344
01:22:16,590 --> 01:22:20,661
that maybe none of you have
ever done before, your homework.

2345
01:22:20,661 --> 01:22:21,160
No, the--

2346
01:22:27,051 --> 01:22:27,550
OK.

2347
01:22:27,550 --> 01:22:30,430
I want you to design a game.

2348
01:22:30,430 --> 01:22:31,526
I want you to make a game.

2349
01:22:31,526 --> 01:22:33,150
There's not many
requirements you have.

2350
01:22:33,150 --> 01:22:34,360
But it's a two player game.

2351
01:22:34,360 --> 01:22:36,532
Maximum cost of materials
must be under $5.00.

2352
01:22:36,532 --> 01:22:37,490
You can find materials.

2353
01:22:37,490 --> 01:22:38,910
You don't need to
spend any money.

2354
01:22:38,910 --> 01:22:41,118
But the cost of materials
if someone were to buy them

2355
01:22:41,118 --> 01:22:43,930
and make your game,
has to be under $5.00.

2356
01:22:43,930 --> 01:22:46,460
It must include an
element of chance.

2357
01:22:46,460 --> 01:22:49,034
Must somehow contain chance
by whatever method you want.

2358
01:22:49,034 --> 01:22:51,450
And must be able to be taught
to someone else within three

2359
01:22:51,450 --> 01:22:54,324
minutes.

2360
01:22:54,324 --> 01:22:58,620
AUDIENCE: Do we actually have
to make it or just design it?

2361
01:22:58,620 --> 01:23:01,450
BLADE KOTELLY: You need
to design it and make it.

2362
01:23:01,450 --> 01:23:02,710
You design it and make it.

2363
01:23:02,710 --> 01:23:04,960
I suggest you even try it out.

2364
01:23:04,960 --> 01:23:08,960
We might try some
of them in class.

2365
01:23:08,960 --> 01:23:11,260
We might try some
of them in class.

2366
01:23:11,260 --> 01:23:13,234
AUDIENCE: This is due what day?

2367
01:23:13,234 --> 01:23:14,400
BLADE KOTELLY: I don't know.

2368
01:23:14,400 --> 01:23:16,000
It's on your syllabus.

2369
01:23:16,000 --> 01:23:17,960
I think it's due on--

2370
01:23:17,960 --> 01:23:19,020
JOHN: Next Monday.

2371
01:23:19,020 --> 01:23:20,145
BLADE KOTELLY: Next Monday.

2372
01:23:20,145 --> 01:23:22,000
It's due next Monday.

2373
01:23:22,000 --> 01:23:25,690
Yes, I'm not going to give
you two days to design a game.

2374
01:23:25,690 --> 01:23:26,190
OK.

2375
01:23:26,190 --> 01:23:28,340
Thank you very much, everyone.