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Our third example is about
the Framingham Heart Study.

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This study represents one of
the most important studies

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of modern medicine.

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It is an ongoing
study of the residents

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in Framingham, Massachusetts.

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It started in 1948, and is
now on the third generation.

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Much of the now-common knowledge
regarding heart disease

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came from this study.

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For example, the fact
that high blood pressure

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should be treated.

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Clogged arteries are not normal.

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Cigarette smoking can
lead to heart disease.

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Let us give some statistics
about heart disease.

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Heart disease has been
the leading cause of death

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worldwide since the 1920s.

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7.3 million people died from
coronary heart disease in 2008.

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Since 1950, age-adjusted
death rates have declined 60%.

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In part, due to the results
of the Framingham Heart Study.

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What is the data in this study?

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There were 5,209 patients
enrolled in 1948.

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The patients were given
a questionnaire and exams

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every two years, measuring
their physical characteristics,

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their behavioral
characteristics,

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and medical test results.

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The patient population, the
exams, and the questions

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expanded over time.

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The approach the Framingham
Heart Study utilized

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was a regression to
predict whether or not

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a patient would develop heart
disease in the next 10 years.

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The model tested and adjusted
for different populations.

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The results of the study
are available online

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so users can calculate
their risk of heart disease

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based on total cholesterol, HDL,
and systolic blood pressure.

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So what is the edge?

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It provided necessary evidence
for the development of drugs

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to lower blood pressure.

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The study further paved the way
for other cliniical prediction

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rules that predict clinical
outcomes using patient's data.

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Finally, the study
demonstrated how

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a model allows a
medical professional

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to make predictions
for patients worldwide.