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[MUSIC PLAYING]

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TU FAN: In the face of the
challenges of climate change,

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and the depleting
natural resources,

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humans exploring
physical solutions

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to sustainable development
Green technology

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can be one of the good options.

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Since 2009, Malaysia has
been facilitating application

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of green technology
through implementing

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the national green
technology policy.

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Over the centuries, humans have
tried to change the weather.

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People have prayed and used
strategies to get more rain

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and decrease the heat.

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While we have not intentionally
tried to change the climate,

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we have unintentionally
brought about changes

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that are affecting us today.

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Starting in the middle 1700s,
the Industrial Revolution

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and the modern
agriculture practice

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began to [INAUDIBLE] amount of
human-created carbon dioxide

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emissions in the atmosphere.

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Global carbon dioxide
emissions have

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been rising at an annual average
of 2.7% during the past decade.

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Countries all over the world
are used different techniques

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to reduce carbon emissions.

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These include establishing
power markets,

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creating policy and legislation,
and a green technology.

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My research has focused on
green technology in Malaysia,

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but do you know what
green technology is?

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Green technology is a
development and preparation

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of products,
equipment, and systems

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that conserve natural resources,
which minimizes and reduces

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negative environmental
impact of human activities.

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What makes a technology green?

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It minimizes
environmental degradation.

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It has zero or low
green gas emissions.

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It is safe to use,
and it promotes

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a healthy environmental
for all life forms.

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It conserves energy
and natural resources.

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It relies on
renewable resources.

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Green technology is
not a new concept.

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People have been trying to go
green for decades, including

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using wave motors, wind
turbines, solar power

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plants, and other
[INAUDIBLE] energy ideas.

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In keeping with global
trends, Malaysia

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has recently
proactively promoted

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and adopt green technology.

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In 2009, Malaysia
has established

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the country's ministry of
energy, green technology,

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and the water, also
called KeTTHa in Malay,

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and adopted national
green technology policy.

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The main goal is to
contribute to economic growth,

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and to reduce Malaysia's
carbon footprint.

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The objective of the
policy it to conduct

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industrial and government
through supporting

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in putting buildings,
green transportation,

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renewable energy use,
waste and water management.

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The most important
components of this policy

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include setting up
institutions and launching

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fiscal instruments.

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Setting up institutions is a
key strategy in the policy.

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Since green technology involves
many different sectors,

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it is important to
have a structure that

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involves all the relevant
stakeholders to ensure

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consensus and support.

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The national green technology
and climate change council

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coordinates green
technology issues

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between the ministries,
agencies, the private sector,

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and other stakeholders
that implement policies,

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in addition, the agencies
that assist and contribute

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to development of
green technology,

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like the Green
Technology Corporation.

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As a focal point for green
technology development

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in Malaysia, green
technology cooperation

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provide facilities
and the services

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in advisory, consultancy,
urban energy management,

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and training.

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Malaysia green technology
[INAUDIBLE] scheme

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is a most important
fiscal instruments

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to attract private entities
to use green technology.

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This scheme is for both
the users and producers

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of green technology.

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It was initially started with
1.5 billion ringgits soft loan

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and has now increased
to 3.5 billion ringgits.

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The scheme offers a 2% interest
subsidy, and 60% of the loan

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will be guaranteed
by the government.

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From 2009 to November,
2014 351 projects

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were covered by this scheme,
including 243 energy efficiency

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projects, 17 green building
projects, 91 waste and water

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projects.

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The majority of projects
are located in Kuala Lumpur,

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Selangor, and the Johor Bahru.

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Most of projects focus
on electrical electronics

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subsector, and the
biotechnology subsector.

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Besides actions stipulated
from the ministry level,

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we can also see some
progress at a regional level.

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Iskander Malaysia is an
important economic corridor

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in the southern part
of peninsula Malaysia.

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It has recently begun
low carbon programs.

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The Low Carbon Blueprint
Iskander Malaysia 2025

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was endorsed by the product
minister of Malaysia

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in the Summit 2012.

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This blueprint was prepared
by a group of urban planners

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and researchers.

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Professor Ho Chin Siong from
University Technology Malaysia

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is a main member of this team.

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HO CHIN SIONG: I think
green technology policy

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is a very important
policy, because you focus

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on the use of green technology
in city building or city

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planning.

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So in our country here, we are
trying to use energy efficiency

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technology.

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We are trying to use
renewable energy technology,

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and also recycling.

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The solid waste management
office, urban planning

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have to reconsider
how to promote

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green technology, or green
energy, or green transport,

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or green industry
in city planning.

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So I think this
is the way forward

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for our nation [INAUDIBLE]

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TU FAN: Also Malaysia
has made progress

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in promoting green technology.

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Interviews with government
officials, researchers,

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and industrial firms, shows that
many pieces as still missing.

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First, information about green
technology and the policies

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are still very limited.

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I conducted a questionnaire
in 15 factories.

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It shows that one of the main
barriers for industrial firms

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to use green technology
is information.

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TEH KEE SIN: The government
intention is good.

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But sometimes the SME are
facing another challenges.

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When it comes to the green
technology or green industries,

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sometimes when we want to get
someone to justify that you are

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in the green industries,
sometimes we cannot get

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the right person, to confirm
and justify that we are in that

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field.

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Sometimes we may not be
able to get the [INAUDIBLE]

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So this is another challenge
that we are facing.

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HO CHIN SIONG: Some
of this information

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may not have reached
other industrialists.

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But I think the important part
is, actually, this information

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have to be disseminated
to a bigger group.

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And then I think
we strongly feel

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that the chamber of commerce
industry association

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should look closely,
also trying to get

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to know more about this green--
I think the ministry themselves

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do know.

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They are trying ways and means
to disseminate this information

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so that actually more and
more people have opportunity

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to access to this
green tech plan.

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TU FAN: Did you hear about
that green technology policy?

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SPEAKER: What?

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TU FAN: Green technology.

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SPEAKER: I myself, I
like all these things.

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Green energy, now maybe they
use more of these solar energy,

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green energy.

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I think these are the two main
things they are using now.

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So solar energy-- actually,
I myself am using it.

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Now they use it for
as a hobby, but later

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on when I know more
about it, maybe

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I will use it partially to
reduce my company's electricity

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to replace other supplies
to cut down the cost.

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TU FAN: Secondly,
there is a mismatch

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between the needs of
the firms, and the focus

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of government programs.

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According to the questionnaire,
industrial firms priorities

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were waste water, energy
utilization, solid waste,

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energy supply, and
then green buildings.

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However, most of the
government incentives

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go to energy projects,
mostly for solar.

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PRAKASH NAGALINGAM: We feel
that too much emphasis has

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been given to solar,
and we are trying

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to look into other areas
like thermal energy

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and also the ocean
thermal energy which

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will lead new energies as well.

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Because initially the green
technology concentration

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was only by the
federal government.

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We didn't incorporate with
the state governments.

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As you can see, the
green technology concept

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is a federal concept.

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But these [INAUDIBLE] encouraged
all the state governments

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to have their own
green technology

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concept in state level.

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So once the state level has
their own green technology

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concert, so this kind of
mission can be discussed more

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in the particular states.

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So then you can see,
now, I do agree with you,

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the advantage is
pretty much low.

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TU FAN: To improve the
wave implementation,

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there is urgent need to have
a validation of the policy.

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Until now, there
has no assessment

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of the green technology
policy implementation.

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PRAKASH NAGALINGAM:
They can do so much

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in [INAUDIBLE]
investment, I mean

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creating a scenario
for the investment,

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for the green
technology players.

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But then, as I can tell you that
we are not really sure how much

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benefit [INAUDIBLE]
by these people,

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and how much green technology
has contributed to the policies

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of--

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TU FAN: Adopting
green technology

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will not be easy for
developing countries.

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The most important reason
is that green technology

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is a comparatively
expensive approach.

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Even in developing
countries, we still

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can see that the argument
about if government

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should invest in
green technology.

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But it is clear from the
experience from Malaysia

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that government
incentives are still

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very important to
encourage green technology.

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PRAKASH NAGALINGAM: People say
that only developing countries,

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I mean, concentrate too much
on subsidies and incentives,

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but actually it's a
[INAUDIBLE] scenario.

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Last time I went to
Holland, Netherlands.

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As you can Netherlands is
a very developed country,

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and they really pay much
attention to the environment.

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The are very environment
friendly people.

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But, they have, when
it comes to transport

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industry, the
government, in 2013,

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they came up with this
incentive for green,

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I mean electric vehicles, and
also plug-in electric vehicles.

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So when the incentive
was introduced in 2013,

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the sales of EV rocketed.

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And the highest sale [INAUDIBLE]
went to Mitsubishi Outlander.

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It's known as PHEW.

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It's actually a plug-in
hybrid, electric vehicle.

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But when the incentive ended
by 31st December, 2013,

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sales of electric
vehicles in Netherlands

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dropped tremendously in 2014.

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So as you can see, the lifestyle
of people, the consumers

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are very much related to
incentives and subsidies.

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TU FAN: Secondly, for
developing countries,

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having consensus will be
equally critical for launching

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green technology actions
across every area,

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from construction, to
transportation, to industrial.

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Malaysia has developed
incentive policies,

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but local government needs to
be involved for that knowledge

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to be diffused
across the country.

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This is also an
important law for

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other non-government
institutions

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such as industrial associations.

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The way the funding of SME
comes now, the funding of SME.

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TEH KEE SIN: No,
we have no funding.

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Yeah, we don't have
funding because we

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should be self funded, I think.

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So sometimes when we talk about
the funding for the R and D.

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R and D is a long
term investment.

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At the beginning stage you may
not be earning benefit at all.

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So you have to come up
with a lot of resources.

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For the green [INAUDIBLE]
or green industry

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or even the [INAUDIBLE]
We still have

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to-- the government [INAUDIBLE]
whether it be the [INAUDIBLE]

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or whether it be the [INAUDIBLE]
the government should

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take the lead.

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[INAUDIBLE] in terms of
the green [INAUDIBLE]

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green technology,
green industry,

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we are still so much behind some
other countries in our region.

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You know, Japan,
Taiwan or even China,

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I think we are still
pretty much behind them.

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So we hope [INAUDIBLE]

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Also blaming some
of the ministry.

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[INAUDIBLE] that never
[INAUDIBLE] That's why

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[INAUDIBLE]

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TU FAN: The size of government
support, both federal

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and the local government,
and the cooperation

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from associations, public
education and capacity

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building for the labor
force are also important.

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No matter how difficult
it is, people in Malaysia

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have become aware that behavior
change is much important.

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Without behavior change,
nothing will happen.

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HO CHIN SIONG: We should
not only look at mitigation.

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We have to look at adaptation.

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Adaptation means,
we see that also we

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have to how to adapt
to this climate change.

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So mitigation can be expensive.

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Adaptation should
come in together.

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And I think the most
challenging part is

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that mind change, the mindset.

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How do you promote low carbon
society to the local society

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so that they have the mind
change, the mindset changing

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from very high consumption
to a low consumption society?

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So by doing that they
could cut down their waste.

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They could cut down
their consumption,

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and they could actually
improve their quality of life,

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even without having a
very high consumption.

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So I think mindset
change is very important.

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That's why in our
campaign we started,

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we call it, low carbon society.

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We didn't call it
low carbon city.

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TU FAN: In developing countries,
the government and the citizens

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are equally for ways
to grow economically,

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but at the same time, protect
environment and mitigate

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global climate challenges.

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Critics of green
technology is that it's

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a very expensive investment
for developing countries,

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and that it's not easy
to get access and adopt

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because of knowledge barriers.

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From 2009, Malaysia
has taken steps

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to implement green technology.

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Each step has not been easy.

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The Malaysia experience with
promoting green technology

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can provide insights for
other developing and developed

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countries.

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