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[MUSIC PLAYING]

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DR. HASLENDA HASHIM:
Industrial processes

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are highly energy intensive,
and currently account

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for one third of
global energy use.

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CO2 emissions from
industries have increased

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about 0.6% from 2012 to 2013.

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This is equivalent to adding
27 million cars on the road.

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How can industry
remain competitive

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and commercially viable without
jeopardizing the environment?

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One of the promising solutions
is the implementation

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of industrial symbiosis.

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In this teaching module, I'll
present an industrial symbiosis

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case study In Nusajaya,
Iskandar Malaysia.

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What is industrial symbiosis?

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The concept of
industrial symbiosis

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comes from natural ecosystems.

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Let's take a look
at a simple example.

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In nature, there is no
such thing as garbage.

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Outputs becomes inputs
for a different part

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of the ecosystem.

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A falling leaf decomposes
into soil nutrients

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when then allows tree to grow.

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In other words, waste
has become resource,

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and the process is repeated
in a closed ecological system.

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The same principle is applied
in industrial symbiosis.

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Industrial symbiosis is
an innovative concept

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where the byproduct, or
output, of one company

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can become the raw
material of another company

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by creating a closed
cycle of waste

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resources between companies.

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It involves exchanges
of byproduct and energy

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between companies.

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More than 170 successful
industrial symbioses

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can be found in the world,
such as Kalundborg Symbiosis

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Park in Denmark, Kawasaki
Eco Industrial Park in Japan,

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Smart Park in Texas,
USA, Ulsan in Korea,

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[INAUDIBLE] Industrial
Park in China,

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and Green Industrial
Park in Nusajaya.

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In Malaysia,
industrial symbiosis

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is put into practice
in Iskandar Malaysia,

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located in southern
peninsula Malaysia,

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in a complex known as
the Southern Industrial

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and Logistics Cluster
located in Nusajaya.

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Industrial symbiosis
in Nusajaya is

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built as a network
of cooperation

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between four biotech companies.

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The companies exchange
materials, byproduct,

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or energy with each other.

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For example, one utility
company [INAUDIBLE]

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is using palm oil waste as fuel
to give its steam steady supply

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to nearby industries.

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Industrial waste generated
from other companies

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will also be sent to
[INAUDIBLE] treatment facilities

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for further processing, to
produce an alternative fuel

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called bio-gas.

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The bio-gas generator can then
be used as a renewable energy

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source to generate steam or
electricity to supply back

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to the industrial area nearby.

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The waste left after
this process is then

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sold as fertilizer.

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AS you can see, the
visualization clearly shows

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the main concept of
industrial symbiosis,

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which is utilization of one
company byproduct, energy,

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or what is raw material
for another company

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has been implemented
in Nusajaya.

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How can industrial
symbiosis reduce emissions,

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and generate economic benefits?

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Or, in other words,
what is the advantages

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of industrial symbiosis.

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There are multiple advantages
industrial symbiosis.

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First, the practice
significantly

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reduces the volume of waste
being disposed in landfills.

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Second, the cost of raw material
and waste treatment is reduced.

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Third, raw material,
energy, and water

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are conserved, because
the byproduct always

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are turned into raw material,
energy is recovered,

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and what there is used.

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Fourth, industrial
symbiosis also

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leads to reduction in fuel
consumption and transportation

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costs, due to shortened
transportation distances

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for byproduct or
waste to the industry.

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As a result,
industrial symbiosis

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could produce fewer
transportation-related

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emissions.

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An sample of successful
industrial symbiosis

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is Kalundborg It is the world's
first industrial symbiosis

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site, and has been in operation
for more than 30 years.

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It has achieved significant
environmental and economic

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returns.

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Through integrating
30 companies,

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Kalundborg has reduced about
160,000 tons of CO2 emissions,

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and saved 3 million
meters cubed of water.

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The process also saved more than
$1 million US dollar annually,

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all due to recycling and reuse
of industrial byproducts.

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in comparison, industrial
symbiosis in Nusajaya

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has only been
operating since 2009,

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and is still at
its infant stage.

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However, given the
benefit at Kalundborg,

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industrial symbiosis in
Nusajaya in the long run

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could be a very
promising strategy

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to help reduce carbon emissions
by 50% in the Iskandar region

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by 2025.

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This is in line with the action
plans in the low carbon society

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blueprint for Iskandar Malaysia.

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As we all know,
our prime minister

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was launched low carbons
blueprints in 2012.

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So could you please explain,
what is the insight low carbon

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society blueprint for
Iskandar Malaysia.

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SPEAKER: I believe
we are talking

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about this blueprint, the low
carbon society blueprint, that

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actually give the 12
action framework for how

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Iskandar nation should drive.

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And it actually cover our three
main core component, economy,

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[INAUDIBLE] and
also environment.

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And this 12 actions
plan is actually

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looking at how each of us
can actually working together

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to actually drive this
initiative in Iskandar

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Malaysia.

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DR. HASLENDA HASHIM:
Successful implementation

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of industrial symbiosis
will not happen by accident.

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Several challenges
need to be overcome

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for the development of
industrial symbiosis

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in Nusajaya to become
a successful model.

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First issue is related
to logistic factor.

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There are four palm oil mills
within 20 to 40 kilometers

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in Iskandar Malaysia.

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These mills are a
potential supply of waste

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to the industrial park.

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This long distance however
will require large storage

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in industrial park to ensure the
continuous supply of palm oil

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waste.

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Thus, it is recommended to site
industrial symbiosis in an area

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adjacent or close to the source
of waste, such as palm oil

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mills, to minimize the
cost of transportation,

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as well as reduce
the size of storage

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needed for palm oil waste.

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Second, a major challenge
concerns laws and regulations.

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The national green technology
policy and feed-in tariffs

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were established
in 2009 and 2011

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to promote sustainable
development for industry

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in Malaysia.

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However, there are no specific
regulations or policies

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to encourage industry to
form symbiotic linkages.

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in Japan, for example, the
sound material cycle society

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was formed.

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It consists of various recycling
and green purchasing laws

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to support the creating
and selling of waste

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for industry inside and
outside the industrial park.

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This initiative will create
sufficient and comparatively

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cheaper waste to use as
raw material for industry.

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In addition to the lack
of appropriate policy,

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lack of financial
support is also

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one of the barriers that
hinder the development

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of a more complex industrial
symbiosis park in Nusajaya.

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In Japan, for example,
227 million US dollar

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were allocated by the government
to build new recycling plants

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in Kawasaki Eco-Town in 1997.

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In Malaysia, the sustainable
energy development authority

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provides financial incentive
in the form of feed-in tariffs.

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However, these incentive are
only beneficial for palm oil

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industry park because
they have no cost

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for waste or transportation.

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In addition to the factors
that I have just highlighted,

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the concept of industrial
symbiosis in Nusajaya

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can be extended to urban
symbiosis similar to the system

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in Kalundborg.

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Special planning
factor, which is

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the distance between industrial
park and residential area,

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and strong linkages between
state and local government,

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have contributed to
this integrated effort.

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The sustainable
supply of waste could

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be generated from this effort,
since municipal waste could

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also become a source off
raw material for industry.

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In return, the municipality also
benefits from this initiative.

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Since the energy generated
by industrial symbiosis

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will be supplied to
the municipality,

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thus reducing the municipality
heavy reliance on fossil fuel.

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What can be learned from
industrial symbiosis

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in Nusajaya?

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And how can it be
duplicated elsewhere?

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The case of industrial
symbiosis in Nusajaya

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provides a good
lesson to accelerate

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the development of
industrial symbiosis

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in developing countries.

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The primary elements that
are necessary to support

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the successful implementation
of industrial symbiosis

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in other countries are,
first, availability

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of renewable energy source.

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Second, distance from the
renewable energy source

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to the industrial park.

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Third, a strong regulatory
and legal structure

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around climate
change mitigations.

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Fourth, financial incentives.

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Fifth, strong linkages
between national, state,

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and local development
to encourage

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integrated industrial
and urban symbiosis.

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Last but not least,
this initiative

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would not be possible
without strong commitment

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from industry and stakeholders
to its sustainable development.

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As we come to the
end, can industry

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save the environment while
also remaining competitive?

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The answer is simple.

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Turning waste to
resources by implementing

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industrial symbiosis.