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AKINDELE AKINROPO: Hello.

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My name is Akindele O. Akinropo.

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I'm an urban planner studying
sustainable development

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in Malaysia.

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The study of this
course in this video

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compares shopping at two malls.

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The first one is
Jusco mall located

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in the heart of
Bukit Indah in Johor,

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and the other is
Alamanda in Putrajaya,

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the administrative
headquarters of Malaysia.

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In this video, I want
to share with you

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my research on the sustainable
dimensions of shopping malls.

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Sustainable development
means different things

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to different people.

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However, it generally refers to
using environmental resources

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in a way that allows other
generations to continue

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to use and preserve it.

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Shopping in malls
can be sustainable

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under certain conditions.

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For instance, the processes
of siting, building,

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and using malls need to
be properly organized

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within the urban system
to promote city livability

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and environmental performance.

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Mall sustainability
will be guaranteed

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when site and operation
discourage carbon emissions,

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encourage socialization, and
promote continuous wealth

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generation.

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This discussion naturally brings
some questions to one's mind.

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For instance, are malls
actually important to city

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sustainability?

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If so, in what specific ways?

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What kinds of malls are good
and what other factors make

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shopping malls sustainable?

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This video will explore the
following empirically observed

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points.

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Sustainable malls
can and should be

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a part of sustainable city
development in the developing

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world.

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They can contribute to
sustainable development

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if designed, operated,
and located properly.

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Larger shopping malls are
better than smaller ones

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because a larger scale allows
for diversified activities

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and goods.

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Malls need to be linked
with public transportation.

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In the next couple
of minutes we'll

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go through each of these points.

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I want to highlight
why more development is

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important in the sustainable
development discussion.

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First, cities are noticeably
growing more vertically

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than horizontally.

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High skylines have
become a symbol

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of our contemporary
space-limited cities.

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City residents now live, work,
and play in tall buildings.

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Shopping in high
rise mall is today

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connected to ideals
of urban life.

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Consumer behavior theories
call this image-ability,

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which is connected
with the quality

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in a physical object that
evokes a strong image

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in the observers.

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Aside from the large size of
the mall, advanced technology,

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aesthetics, convenience,
organized parking,

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and cleanliness,
among other factors,

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improved image-ability in malls.

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We therefore attract,
shoppers, promote economic

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sustainability, and increasingly
becoming a good platform

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for local, intra-, and
inter-regional as well

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as international trade.

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Malls are proven to be strategic
to central economic growth

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in terms of GDP in many
countries like Dubai,

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like South Africa.

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In the United States,
business and education

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alone account for more
than 40% of the GDP.

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In 2013, retail
and wholesale trade

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have created
additional 12% increase

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in the country's GDP growth.

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All of this growth is
mostly created in the 47,000

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malls of the United States.

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Again, malls are quickly
over the functions

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of a public space.

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And we know that public space is
important for sustainable city

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development.

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Malls are important
thought places.

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Thought places are the
next most important place

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after where we live and work.

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Malls attract large
crowds and encourage

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information dissemination,
social networking,

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social interaction, and
economic redistribution.

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This process describes
social capital formation,

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which is essential for
overall community development.

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This explains why
mall contributes

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to social sustainability.

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Now, let us narrow our focus.

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One would ask, what kind of mall
design, location, and operation

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promotes sustainability?

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Malls are necessary
large and they generate

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carbon emissions and heat.

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It appears to be using mall
resources, such as electricity,

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water, and chlorofluorocarbons,
through extensive use of air

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conditioning,
heating, and cooling.

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However, instead of
increasing carbon production,

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it may be designed
to reduce it through

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technical interventions.

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If a mall is designed and built
using ecological principles

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of green buildings,
during operations,

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use environmental-friendly
and other sources,

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and have efficient waste
management systems.

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Sustainability is also
promoted when malls discourage

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the proliferation of
informal activities

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that often take
place on the roadside

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and in sprawling market stalls.

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These spaces are
not easily managed

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because of the diverse
stakeholders involved.

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Again, malls will
enhance sustainability

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when its location is in a
heterogeneous environment where

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there is greater land use
mix, where residents pay less

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to reach it, and
where [INAUDIBLE]

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such as fossil fuels are
required for transportation.

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For instance, in
Putrajaya, Malaysia,

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the mall studied perform less
well in times of patronage

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compared to the other
one in Bukit Indah

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because it is located in
a more regional setting

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while the other locates in a
more heterogeneous setting.

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Many residents in Putrajaya are
civil servants with two homes

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and are in and out of the city.

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Suburb locations of malls
like Jusco, Bukit Indah,

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isolate them from
public transportation

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and therefore encourage
private car use.

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This leads to an increase in
energy use, which is converted

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into environmental pollutants.

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While the use of alternative
environmentally friendly

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energy, such as electricity,
is advocated for,

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using even a smaller
amount of energy

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by organizing an
efficient retail center

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is the whole essence
of sustainability.

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Operations in the mall
contribute to sustainability.

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Malls will thrive when
operations [? in ?] [? need ?]

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are suitable for more
types of shoppers.

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Empirical observation shows
that most shoppers are women.

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They prefer malls where their
children can play safely

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while they shop.

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In addition to [INAUDIBLE],
cinemas, bowling,

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and among other activities
which attract young adults that

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have less economic
power to malls,

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provisions of
children's activities

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is observed to be strategic
to malls operation.

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Multiple shopping
opportunities combined

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with multiple types of
activities encourage patronage.

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This pours economic
sustainability

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and we increase the long-term
vitality of the mall.

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Malls can also save space
and promote compact city

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sustainable development.

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The thought point is concerned
with the scale of malls.

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Research shows that the bigger
the mall the better it is.

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Not only does a large
mall provide opportunities

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to assess diversified goods,
services, and activities,

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it also reduces
shopper's cost in terms

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of stress, time, and money.

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A single trip will satisfy
retail, recreation,

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and other needs.

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Numbers of trips are
reduced, therefore reducing

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the amount of energy used.

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This contributes to
environmental sustainability.

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Large scale and
localization of malls

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may also help a city to
better plan transportation

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options for shopping trips.

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The largest shopping
malls will encourage

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more efficient and
effective resource use.

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For instance, use of security
cameras and personnel

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would be effective in
a single mall compared

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to many smaller
and [? scattered ?]

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retail buildings.

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Because of the large
scale and compactness,

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waste generated in the
mall can also be large.

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If the waste collection
methods are efficient,

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it may encourage
industrial recycling.

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All together, each
and every function

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in a diversified large mall
could support one another

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and allow for its
continued existence.

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Large malls are those iconic.

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They are like monuments
of historic significance,

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making cities immeasurable
and attracting tourists

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and economic prosperity.

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At this point, it
is very important

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to [INAUDIBLE] the importance
of public transportation system

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to mall development against
a background of city

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sustainability.

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The late arrival of the mall
after much of the central city

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had already being
developed is probably

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the reason for its location in
the suburbs in many developing

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countries.

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This makes it
challenging to integrate

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the mall into the city's
public transportation system.

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Malls will be more
sustainable if effectively

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integrated into the public
transportation system.

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Connecting commercial areas
with intra- and or intercity

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transportation of road,
rail, and where possible--

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like Putrajaya-- waterways, can
improve customer convenience

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and reduce pollution making
the city more sustainable.

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In Malaysia, Jusco Bukit Indah
has a better overall assessment

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in terms of patronage,
diversified activities,

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and so on.

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But it is less integrated with
public transportation compared

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to Alamanda mall in Putrajaya.

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Though the transportation
is better in Alamanda mall,

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other important features of
a sustainable shopping mall

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are still in progress.

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In conclusion, for a mall to
be sustainable, especially

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in Malaysia and other
developing countries,

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all the factors should
be considered together.

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Large malls in a well integrated
public transportation system

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should offer multiple
shopping, recreation,

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and social activities that
are preferred by women--

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who are the largest
shoppers-- and should

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be located in an area
where land use are mixed.

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The beauty as well as
the general environment

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should be designed using green
building and environmental

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principles.

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These assure us of a
sustainable shopping

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mall within the framework of
sustainable city development.