Standing Waves

 

Standing Waves

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Definition, including nodes; the fundamental; and equations for first, second, and higher order harmonics.

4-part problem; finding λ, ν, f, p and sketching; finding transverse speed and propagation speed.

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Demonstration: Standing Waves

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Creating standing waves with first, second, and higher order harmonics by shaking a string up and down.

  • Watch {}video clip from Lecture 26 (18:20 - 22:08)

Create a standing wave by shaking a string and viewing it using strobe lights.

  • Watch {}video clip from Lecture 32 (32:26 - 35:27)

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Review: Standing Waves

The fundamental and higher order harmonics, nodes, and the equation for a standing wave.

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  • Watch {}video clip from Lecture 32 (27:56 - 32:26)

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Standing Waves in Air

How wind instruments create sound using standing waves in the air, including a demonstration of a large pipe which creates sound after a copper grid in the pipe is heated and then cooled.

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  • Watch {}video clip from Lecture 32 (35:27 - 38:42)

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Driving Frequencies

System response to a driving frequency; resonant frequency; resonance with and without damping.

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  • Watch {}video clip from Lecture 31 (0:00 - 8:17)

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Driving Frequencies Demonstration

Amplitude of shuttle on air track observed for high and low, then resonant, driving frequency.

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  • Watch {}video clip from Lecture 31 (8:17 - 11:39)

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Harmonics

Infinite coupled oscillators; harmonics; demonstration of first, second, third, sixth harmonics.

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Resonance in Cavities

Harmonics in tubes which are closed, open at one end, open at both ends.

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  • Watch {}video clip from Lecture 31 (20:58 - 27:21)

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Ersatz Musical Instruments

Music from tube open at both ends, wooden flute; Jingle Bells on wooden trombone.

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  • Watch {}video clip from Lecture 31 (27:21 - 31:33)

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Resonance Examples

Examples from life; tuning forks; breaking a wine glass with an appropriate sound frequency.

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Tacoma Narrows Bridge

Video of the collapse of the first Tacoma Narrows Bridge.

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  • Watch {}video clip from Lecture 31 (40:26 - 45:08)

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Helium Voice

Higher speed of sound in He allows higher voice.

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Traveling Wave

4-part problem; finding A, f, p, v, λ, ν, and sketching the wave; finding transverse speed and standing waves.

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Design a Flute

Finding the length of a flute necessary for specific note; valve spacing necessary for higher notes.

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