Readings | Role of Science and Scientists in Collaborative Approaches to Environmental Policymaking | Urban Studies and Planning

Course readings.
SES #	TOPICS	READINGS
1	Introduction and Overview
Theme A: Traditional Approaches to Using Scientific and Technical Information in Natural Resource Management and Environmental Policy-Making
2	The Role of Science in Society Guest Participants Dr. Carl Shapiro, Science Impact Program Coordinator, U.S. Geological Survey Dr. Stanley Ponce, Senior Liaison for Interagency Programs and Science Partnerships, U.S. Geological Survey	Kellert, S. R. The Value of Life: Biological Diversity and Human Society. Washington, DC: Island Press, 1995, chapters 1 and 2, pp. 3-34. ISBN: 1559633174. Kendler, H. H. "Should scientists remain objective?" Science 301 (2003): 310-311. Layzer, J. A. The Environmental Case: Translating Values into Policy. Washington, DC: CQ Press, 2006, pp. 1-9. ISBN: 1568028989. Miller, A. Environmental Problem Solving. New York, NY: Springer, 1999, pp. 1-18. ISBN: 0070276862.
3	The Evolution of Science in Societal Decision-Making - An Historical Perspective Guest Lecturer Dr. David Laws, Environmental Policy Group, MIT	Clark, W. C., F. Alcock, N. M. Dickson, N. Eckley, D. H. Guston, J. Jäger, and R. B. Mitchell. "Knowledge systems for sustainable development." Proceedings National Academies of Science 100, no. 14 (2003): 8086-8091. Clark, F., and D. Illman. "Dimensions of civic science: introductory essay." Science Communication 23, no. 1: 5-27. Lubchenko, J. "Entering the century of the environment: a new social contract for science." Science 279 (1998): 491-497. McKinney, M., and W. Harmon. The Western Confluence. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2004, chapter 3, pp. 57-62. ISBN: 1559639636. Sarewitz, D., and R. A. Pielke, Jr. "Prediction in science and policy." In Prediction: Science, Decision Making and the Future of the Nation. Edited by D. Sarewitz, R. A. Pielke, Jr., and R. Byerly, Jr. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2000, pp. 11-21. ISBN: 1559637765. Zachary, G. Pascal. Endless Frontier. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999, pp. 1-8 as background. ISBN: 9780262740227. Bush, V. "Science the endless frontier: A report to the President by Vannevar Bush, director of the Office of Scientific Research and Development." July 1945. (Skim this report as background)
4	The Role of Science in Environmental Policy-Making	Bierbaum, R. "The role of science in federal policy development on a regional to global scale." Estuaries 25, no. 4B (2002): 878-885. Kemmis, D. "Science's role in natural resource decisions." Issues in Science and Technology Online, Summer 2002. McKinney, M., and W. Harmon. The Western Confluence. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2004, chapter 3, pp. 63-89. ISBN: 1559639636. Adler, P. S., R. C. Barrett, M. C. Bean, J. E. Birkoff, C. P. Ozawa, and E. B. Rudin. "Managing scientific and technical information in environmental cases: principles and practices for mediators and facilitators." 2000, pp. 5-21. (PDF) Beratan, Kathi, and Herman Karl. "Managing the Science-Policy Interface in a Complex and Contentious World - A Discussion." In editorial review.
Theme B: Collaborative Approaches for Using Science in Societal Decision-Making
5	Introduction to Collaborative Processes for Science-Intensive Resource and Environmental Policy Decisions Guest Participant Dr. Stephen Light, Co-editor, "Barriers and Bridges to the Renewal of Ecosystems and Institutions"	Gunderson, L. H., C. S. Holling, and S. S. Light, eds. "What Barriers? What Bridges?" Chapter 1 in Barriers and Bridges to the Renewal of Ecosystems and Institutions. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 1995, pp. 3-34. ISBN: 0231101023. ———. "The Everglades: evolution of management in a turbulent system." Chapter 3 in Barriers and Bridges to the Renewal of Ecosystems and Institutions. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 1995, pp. 103-168. ISBN: 0231101023. (Read as background). Leshner, A. I. "Public engagement with science." Science 299 (2003): 977. Wondolleck, J. M., and S. L. Yaffee. "Building Bridges to a Sustainable Future." Chapter 1 in Making Collaboration Work: Lessons from Innovation in Natural Resources Management. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2000, pp. 3-21. ISBN: 1559634626.
6	Collaborative Processes for Science-Intensive Resource and Environmental Policy Decisions (cont.)	McKinney, M., and W. Harmon. The Western Confluence. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2004, chapter 4, pp. 95-119. ISBN: 1559639636. Walker, G. B., and S. E. Daniels. "Natural resource policy and the paradox of public involvement - bringing scientists and citizens together." In Understanding Community-based Forest Ecosystem Management. Edited by G. J. Gray, M. J. Enzer, and J. Kusel. New York, NY: The Haworth Press, Inc., 2001, pp. 253-269. ISBN: 1560220813. Wondolleck, J. M., and S. L. Yaffee. "Focusing on the Problem in New and Different Ways." Chapter 7 in Making Collaboration Work: Lessons from Innovation in Natural Resources Management. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2000, pp. 119-137. ISBN: 1559634626.
7	Collaborative Approaches - Joint Fact Finding Guest Participant Patrick Field, Managing Director, Consensus Building Institute	Ehrman, J. R., and B. L. Stinson. "Joint fact finding and the use of technical experts." In The Consensus Building Handbook. Edited by L. Susskind, S. McKearnan, and J. Thomas-Larmer. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc., 1999, pp. 375-399. ISBN: 0761908447. McCreary, S. T., J. K. Gamman, and B. Brooks. "Refining and testing joint fact-finding for environmental dispute resolution: ten years of success." Mediation Quarterly 18, no. 4. Scarlett, P. L. "Joint fact-finding: the interface of science, policy, and communities." Unpublished paper presented to the U.S. Geological Survey, January 2004. Andrews, C. J. "Preface," "Joint Fact Finding," "Lessons Learned," and "Elements of a Successful Joint Fact Finding." In Humble Analysis: The Practice of Joint Fact Finding. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2002, chapters 1, 16, and 17, pp. 3-16, 165-176, and 177-186. ISBN: 0275975886.
8	Collaborative Learning and the Role of the Citizen	Daniels, S. E., and G. B. Walker. Working Through Environmental Conflict: The Collaborative Learning Approach. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2001, chapters 1 and 6, pp. 1-13, and 97-106. ISBN: 0275964736. Fischer, F. Citizens, Experts, and The Environment. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2000, pp. 5-46. ISBN: 0822326221.
9	The Role of the Citizen - Local and Indigenous Knowledge	Amengual, M. "Incorporating local knowledge into joint fact finding." MUSIC working paper, 2003. Kusel, J., S. C. Doak, S. Carpenter, and V. E. Sturtevant. "The role of the public in adaptive ecosystem management: in Sierra Nevada Ecosystem Project." In Assessments and Scientific Basis for Management Options. Vol. II. Sierra Nevada Ecosystem Project Final Report to Congress No. 37, July 1996, pp. 611-624. Gunderson, L. H., and C. S. Holling, eds. "Back to the future, ecosystem dynamics and local knowledge." Chapter 5 in Panarchy: Understanding Transformations in Human and Natural Systems. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2001, pp. 121-146. ISBN: 1559638575. (Skim.) Smith, M. E. "Chaos, consensus and common sense." The Ecologist 25, no. 2/3: 80-85. Adler, P. S., and J. E. Birkhoff. Building Trust: When Knowledge from 'here' meets Knowledge from 'away'. The National Policy Consensus Center, Portland, OR, pp. 1-16. )
10	Collaborative Approaches to Adaptive Management, Adaptive Governance, and Ecosystem Based Management	Brunner, R. D., T. A. Steelman, L. Coe-Juell, C. M. Cromley, C. M. Edwards, and D. W. Tucker. Adaptive Governance: Integrating Science, Policy, and Decision Making. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 2005, chapter 1, pp. 1-46. ISBN: 0231136250. Gunderson, L. H., and C. S. Holling, eds. Panarchy: Understanding Transformations in Human and Natural Systems. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2001, chapters 1 and 2, pp. 3-62. ISBN: 1559638575. (Skim.)
Theme C: Challenges and Barriers to the New Emerging Role of Science in Contemporary Society
11	Challenges to New Role of Science Guest Participant Dr. Jeffrey Lovich, Acting Director, USGS Southwest Biological Science Center	Gloss, S. P., J. E. Lovich, and T. S. Melis, eds. "Overview," and "Lessons from 10 years of adaptive management in the Grand Canyon." In The State of the Colorado River Ecosystem in the Grand Canyon. U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1282 (2005): 1-16 and 207-220. National Research Council. "Challenges to effective use of science in making and implementing coastal policy." Chapter 3 in Science, Policy, and the Coast: Improving Decisionmaking. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1995, pp. 27-62. ISBN: 0309053390. Turner, C. E. "An experience in John Day, Oregon: the need for USGS agenda-less science in collaborative partnerships." Internal USGS report, Washington, DC, 2003. Wondolleck, J. M., and S. L. Yaffee. "Ensuring Accountability." Chapter 13 in Making Collaboration Work: Lessons from Innovation in Natural Resources Management. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2000, pp. 229-245. ISBN: 1559634626. Lovich, Jeffrey E., and Theodore S. Melis. "The State of Natural and Cultural Resources in the Colorado River Ecosystem (SCORE) Report." Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center. USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Flagstaff, AZ, 2005. (PDF - 6.7 MB)
12	Challenges to New Role of Science (cont.) Examination of Changing Culture within USGS and Changing Role of USGS with Context of a Changing Society as a Case Study	National Research Council. Future Roles and Opportunities for the U.S. Geological Survey. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2001, pp. 1-36. ISBN: 0309083648. Campbell, Lindsey. "Barriers to USGS scientists' participation in collaborative research and decision-making." Student paper, MIT, 2005. "Handbook on Cascading GPRA Goals." U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, DC, 2004. "Core Competency Model for Managers: Relevance of Competency Metrics On-Line Survey Results." U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, DC, July 2005. "Core Competency Model for Managers." U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, DC, July 2005.
13	Preliminary Student Presentations
14	Last Day of Class